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Questions and Answers
Which category describes sounds that involve complete obstruction of airflow?
Which category describes sounds that involve complete obstruction of airflow?
What type of speech sound begins as a plosive and releases as a fricative?
What type of speech sound begins as a plosive and releases as a fricative?
Which of the following consonants is classified as voiceless?
Which of the following consonants is classified as voiceless?
Which term refers to a sequence of two vowels that functions as a single sound?
Which term refers to a sequence of two vowels that functions as a single sound?
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Which part of the vocal tract serves as the primary source of sound in speech production?
Which part of the vocal tract serves as the primary source of sound in speech production?
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What is a phoneme?
What is a phoneme?
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Which of the following best describes an allophone?
Which of the following best describes an allophone?
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What defines a minimal pair in phonology?
What defines a minimal pair in phonology?
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Which of the following is an example of complementary distribution?
Which of the following is an example of complementary distribution?
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What main aspect differentiates phonology from phonetics?
What main aspect differentiates phonology from phonetics?
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Which of the following is the correct description of 'manner of articulation'?
Which of the following is the correct description of 'manner of articulation'?
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Which example best illustrates the concept of an aspirated sound?
Which example best illustrates the concept of an aspirated sound?
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In which of the following statements is the concept of phonological rules applied?
In which of the following statements is the concept of phonological rules applied?
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Study Notes
Phoneme
- The smallest unit of sound that can change the meaning of a word
- Example: /t/ in time vs. /d/ in dime
Allophone
- Variations of a phoneme that do not change the meaning of a word
- Example: [p] in pot (aspirated) and [p] in spot (unaspirated) are both allophones of the same phoneme /p/
Minimal Pair
- Two words that differ by only one sound, showing that the sounds are different phonemes
- Example: time [taɪm] vs. dime [daɪm]
Complementary Distribution
- When two sounds never occur in the same environment, they are in complementary distribution
- Example: [eɪ] and [eï] do not change meaning but occur in different contexts
Phonological Rules
- Language-specific rules that dictate sound patterns
- Example: shorter vowels before voiceless consonants
Consonants
- Speech sounds produced by obstructing airflow in various ways
- Classified based on place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing
Place of Articulation
- Where the consonant sound is produced in the vocal tract
- Bilabial: both lips ([p], [b])
- Labiodental: lip and teeth ( [f], [v])
- Dental: tongue against the teeth ( [θ], [ð])
- Alveolar: tongue against the alveolar ridge ( [t], [d])
- Post-alveolar: just behind the alveolar ridge ([ʃ], [ʒ])
- Velar: back of the tongue against the soft palate ( [k], [g])
- Glottal: glottis ( [h])
Manner of Articulation
- How the airflow is constricted
- Plosive: complete obstruction ( [p], [t])
- Nasal: airflow through the nose ([m], [n])
- Fricative: close together but not completely obstructed ([f], [s])
- Affricate: begins as a plosive and releases as a fricative ([tʃ], [dʒ])
- Approximant: less obstruction than fricatives ([r], [l])
- Lateral: airflow around the sides of the tongue ([l])
Voicing
- Whether the vocal cords vibrate during articulation
- Voiced: vocal cords vibrate ([b], [d])
- Voiceless: vocal cords do not vibrate ([p], [t])
Diphthongs
- A sequence of two vowels that functions as a single sound and always forms one syllable
Syllabic Consonants
- Consonant sounds that can be prolonged slightly and function as the nucleus of a syllable
Intonation
- The use of voice pitch for linguistic purposes other than distinguishing words
- Ex. for a definition, provide context and clarity. or for asking
Diacritics
- Marks added to IPA symbols to modify their meaning, indicating features like aspiration or voicelessness
Vocal Tract
- The organs involved in speech production, including:
- Lungs
- Larynx “the main source for sounds of speech “
- Pharynx
- Oral cavity
- Nasal cavity
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts in phonetics and phonology, including phonemes, allophones, and minimal pairs. This quiz covers essential terminology and rules that govern sound patterns in language.
