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Questions and Answers
Which category describes sounds that involve complete obstruction of airflow?
What type of speech sound begins as a plosive and releases as a fricative?
Which of the following consonants is classified as voiceless?
Which term refers to a sequence of two vowels that functions as a single sound?
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Which part of the vocal tract serves as the primary source of sound in speech production?
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What is a phoneme?
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Which of the following best describes an allophone?
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What defines a minimal pair in phonology?
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Which of the following is an example of complementary distribution?
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What main aspect differentiates phonology from phonetics?
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Which of the following is the correct description of 'manner of articulation'?
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Which example best illustrates the concept of an aspirated sound?
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In which of the following statements is the concept of phonological rules applied?
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Study Notes
Phoneme
- The smallest unit of sound that can change the meaning of a word
- Example: /t/ in time vs. /d/ in dime
Allophone
- Variations of a phoneme that do not change the meaning of a word
- Example: [p] in pot (aspirated) and [p] in spot (unaspirated) are both allophones of the same phoneme /p/
Minimal Pair
- Two words that differ by only one sound, showing that the sounds are different phonemes
- Example: time [taɪm] vs. dime [daɪm]
Complementary Distribution
- When two sounds never occur in the same environment, they are in complementary distribution
- Example: [eɪ] and [eï] do not change meaning but occur in different contexts
Phonological Rules
- Language-specific rules that dictate sound patterns
- Example: shorter vowels before voiceless consonants
Consonants
- Speech sounds produced by obstructing airflow in various ways
- Classified based on place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing
Place of Articulation
- Where the consonant sound is produced in the vocal tract
- Bilabial: both lips ([p], [b])
- Labiodental: lip and teeth ( [f], [v])
- Dental: tongue against the teeth ( [θ], [ð])
- Alveolar: tongue against the alveolar ridge ( [t], [d])
- Post-alveolar: just behind the alveolar ridge ([ʃ], [ʒ])
- Velar: back of the tongue against the soft palate ( [k], [g])
- Glottal: glottis ( [h])
Manner of Articulation
- How the airflow is constricted
- Plosive: complete obstruction ( [p], [t])
- Nasal: airflow through the nose ([m], [n])
- Fricative: close together but not completely obstructed ([f], [s])
- Affricate: begins as a plosive and releases as a fricative ([tʃ], [dʒ])
- Approximant: less obstruction than fricatives ([r], [l])
- Lateral: airflow around the sides of the tongue ([l])
Voicing
- Whether the vocal cords vibrate during articulation
- Voiced: vocal cords vibrate ([b], [d])
- Voiceless: vocal cords do not vibrate ([p], [t])
Diphthongs
- A sequence of two vowels that functions as a single sound and always forms one syllable
Syllabic Consonants
- Consonant sounds that can be prolonged slightly and function as the nucleus of a syllable
Intonation
- The use of voice pitch for linguistic purposes other than distinguishing words
- Ex. for a definition, provide context and clarity. or for asking
Diacritics
- Marks added to IPA symbols to modify their meaning, indicating features like aspiration or voicelessness
Vocal Tract
- The organs involved in speech production, including:
- Lungs
- Larynx “the main source for sounds of speech “
- Pharynx
- Oral cavity
- Nasal cavity
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts in phonetics and phonology, including phonemes, allophones, and minimal pairs. This quiz covers essential terminology and rules that govern sound patterns in language.
