Phonetics and Phonology Quiz 1

Phonetics and Phonology

• Phonetic parameters of description differ from phonological parameters.
• Phonetic parameters focus on the physical properties of speech sounds, while phonological parameters focus on the sound's function in the language.

Consonants

• A plosive consonant is a type of consonant that is made by blocking the airflow with the tongue or lips.
• Plosives are articulated by blocking the airflow with the tongue or lips, then releasing it.
• There are 6 plosive consonants in English: /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/.

Fricatives

• A fricative consonant is a type of consonant that is made by directing airflow through a narrow channel.
• There are 9 fricative consonants in English: /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, and /h/.
• Fricatives are classified based on the place and manner of articulation.

Affricates

• Affricates are articulated by combining a stop and a fricative sound.
• They are made by blocking the airflow with the tongue or lips, then releasing it and directing it through a narrow channel.

Lateral Consonants

• A lateral consonant is a type of consonant that is made by directing airflow around the sides of the tongue.
• There are 2 lateral consonants in English: /l/ and /ɫ/.
• Allophonic variants of lateral consonants include [l̪] and [lʷ].

Homorganic Sounds

• A homorganic sound is a sound that is made with the same place and manner of articulation as another sound.
• There are several homorganic sounds in English, including /p/ and /b/, /t/ and /d/, and /k/ and /g/.
• Homorganic sounds are classified based on their place and manner of articulation.

Homophones

• A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word.
• Examples of homophones include "to", "too", and "two".

Syllabification

• Syllabification is the process of dividing a word into syllables.
• It occurs when a word has more than one vowel sound.
• Syllabifiable segments include vowels, liquids, and nasals.

Phonology and Phonetics

• Assimilation, elision, epenthesis, linking, and weakening are all phonological processes.
• Phonology is the study of sound systems in language, while phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech sounds.
• Oracy is the ability to communicate effectively through spoken language, and it relates to literacy through the connection between spoken and written language.

Speech Chain

• The speech chain starts with the speaker's idea and ends with the listener's understanding.
• The stages of the speech chain include idea formation, articulation, transmission, reception, and interpretation.
• Communication can be impeded, stopped, or lost at any point in the speech chain, due to factors such as noise, language barriers, or hearing impairment.

Areas of Phonetics

• The areas of phonetics include articulatory phonetics, auditory phonetics, and acoustic phonetics.
• These areas relate to one another through the study of speech sounds and their physical properties.

Speech Articulation

• Speech is articulated through the use of organs such as the lips, tongue, teeth, and vocal cords.
• Each organ has a specific job in the articulation of speech sounds.

Language and Linguistics

• Language refers to a system of communication, while linguistics is the study of language.
• Phonetics and phonology are subfields of linguistics that focus on the study of speech sounds and their function in language.

Phoneme and Allophone

• A phoneme is a unit of sound in a language that distinguishes meaning.
• An allophone is a variation of a phoneme that does not change the meaning of a word.
• There are 44 phonemes in English, and they are classified based on their place and manner of articulation.

Allophone Choice

• The choice of an allophone is affected by factors such as the surrounding sounds, the speaker's accent, and the language's sound system.

Manner and Place of Articulation

• Manner of articulation refers to how the sound is made, while place of articulation refers to where the sound is made.
• These two factors are important for distinguishing between different speech sounds.

Vowels and Consonants

• Vowels are articulated by directing airflow through the vocal cords.
• Consonants are articulated by blocking or directing airflow through the tongue, lips, or teeth.
• Vowels and consonants are classified based on their place and manner of articulation.

Levels of Analysis

• The levels of linguistic analysis include phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics.
• The levels of phonetic analysis include articulatory, auditory, and acoustic phonetics.