Phonation, Resonance, and Respiration Quiz

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Questions and Answers

How does increasing pitch affect the vibration of vocal cords?

Vocal cords remain unchanged in vibration rate.

Vocal cords vibrate more slowly and with more force.

Vocal cords vibrate faster and with less amplitude. (correct)

Vocal cords vibrate more forcefully and more slowly.

What happens to subglottal pressure (Psub) when the pitch is raised?

Psub decreases dramatically.

Psub needs to increase to support higher pitch. (correct)

Psub is not related to pitch at all.

Psub remains constant.

What is the relationship between vibratory amplitude and the rate of vibration?

They are inversely proportional. (correct)

They are independent of each other.

They both increase together.

They are directly proportional.

Which statement about vocal cords at lower pitches is true?

They move with more force and greater amplitude. Signup and view all the answers

When vocal cords are shortened due to contraction, what effect does it have on pitch?

Pitch increases as folds shorten. Signup and view all the answers

What ultimately causes a higher pitch to be produced in the voice?

Faster vibration of vocal cords. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding vocal cord vibration?

All pitches are produced with the same vibratory amplitude. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increasing the fundamental frequency (Fo) have on mid-range vocal cords?

Vibratory amplitude increases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phonation in voice production?

Sound produced as a byproduct of vocal fold movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes resonance?

Modification of sound based on anatomical structures Signup and view all the answers

What role do the pleura play in lung function?

They create negative pressure in the thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle primarily flattens during quiet inspiration?

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the external intercostals during respiration?

Elevate the ribs to enlarge the ribcage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of the lungs?

Made of highly elastic material with few muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

During forced inspiration, which muscle elevates the sternum?

Sternocleidomastoid Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to the lungs if they were removed from the body?

They would collapse due to lack of support Signup and view all the answers

What does vital capacity measure?

The maximum amount of air exhaled after inhalation Signup and view all the answers

Which factors influence the normal amount of vital capacity expected for an individual?

Age, gender, and weight Signup and view all the answers

What does the combination of expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV) represent?

Functional residual capacity (FRC) Signup and view all the answers

How does body position influence breathing during phonation or speech?

Supine position makes it harder to perform expiration passively Signup and view all the answers

Why might some therapists prefer laying clients down during treatment?

Older techniques are sometimes still used without regard for evidence Signup and view all the answers

What happens to vital capacity as a person ages?

It decreases due to weakened diaphragm muscle strength Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for measuring lung capacity in voice clients?

To understand their maximum exhalation capabilities Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the gravitational effect on lung function during expiration?

Increased expiratory work Signup and view all the answers

What does TLC stand for in respiratory terms?

Total Lung Capacity Signup and view all the answers

Which equation correctly defines the relationship between TV, IRV, and IC?

TV + IRV = IC Signup and view all the answers

What does VC represent in respiratory physiology?

Vital Capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the residual volume (RV) in the lungs?

To prevent lung collapse Signup and view all the answers

How is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC) defined?

IC = TV + IRV Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range for female tidal volume (TV) in milliliters?

400-500 ml Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'dead air' refer to in lung capacity calculations?

Air that does not participate in gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the vital capacity (VC) measurement?

It measures the total volume of air the lungs can exhale after maximum inhalation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of medial compression in increasing vocal intensity?

It allows the vocal cords to close tighter. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are primarily responsible for medial compression of the vocal cords?

Lateral cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid. Signup and view all the answers

How does the shape and position of the vocal tract influence vocal loudness?

By amplifying sound through resonance. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the vocal tract begin and end?

It begins at the vocal folds and ends at the lips. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the closed phase of the vocal cords is prolonged?

The amplitude of vibration increases. Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to sound production without the vocal tract?

Only a buzzing sound would be generated. Signup and view all the answers

Which action does NOT contribute to the control of vocal loudness?

Reducing the amount of airflow to the vocal cords. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor directly affects the amplitude of the vocal fold vibrations?

Level of subglottal pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phonation and Resonance

Phonation refers to the production of sound by the vocal folds vibrating.
Resonance refers to the modification of sound by the size and shape of the vocal tract.
The vocal tract includes the pharynx, nasal cavity, and oral cavity.

Respiration

Respiration provides the power for voice production.
The lungs are made of elastic material with few muscle fibers.
Lung function depends on muscle contractions of the rib cage and diaphragm.
The pleura, a membrane surrounding the lungs, helps keep them attached to the rib cage by negative pressure and surface tension.

Muscles of Inspiration

Quiet inspiration:
- The diaphragm flattens during inspiration, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity.
- External intercostal muscles elevate the ribs, expanding the rib cage.
Forced inspiration:
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle elevates the sternum.
- Additional muscles may be involved, depending on the intensity of the inspiration.

Pitch and Subglottal Pressure

Higher pitch requires faster vocal fold vibration and increased subglottal pressure.
Lower pitch allows for more forceful vocal fold vibration and greater amplitude.
Subglottal pressure increases proportionally with fundamental frequency.

Intensity and Vocal Tract Tuning

Intensity (loudness) is controlled by increasing the closed phase of the vibratory cycle, increasing subglottal pressure, medial compression, and vocal tract tuning.
Medial compression is achieved by muscles like the lateral cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid muscles.
The vocal tract acts as a filter, shaping the sound waves produced by the vibrating vocal folds.

Vocal Tract

The vocal tract begins above the vocal folds and ends at the lips.
It includes the pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity.
The shape and size of these cavities influence voice quality.

Lung Capacity

Total lung capacity (TLC) refers to the maximum volume of air the lungs can hold.
Vital capacity (VC) is the amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation.
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration.
Tidal volume (TV) is the amount of air exchanged during normal breathing.
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration.
Residual volume (RV) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum exhalation.

Upright vs. Supine Breathing

Breathing is influenced by body position.
Expiration is harder in a supine position due to gravity pushing down on the ribs and lungs.
Gravity makes it more difficult to exhale passively, requiring increased effort from the diaphragm.

Generalization of Treatment

Generalization of voice treatment from supine to upright position is questionable.
Voice therapy sessions are typically conducted in an upright position, with a focus on breathing patterns and exercises.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the vital processes of phonation and resonance, as well as the role of respiration in voice production. Explore how the vocal tract, lungs, and respiratory muscles contribute to sound generation. This quiz covers key concepts related to human voice mechanics.