Podcast
Questions and Answers
How does increasing pitch affect the vibration of vocal cords?
How does increasing pitch affect the vibration of vocal cords?
- Vocal cords remain unchanged in vibration rate.
- Vocal cords vibrate more slowly and with more force.
- Vocal cords vibrate faster and with less amplitude. (correct)
- Vocal cords vibrate more forcefully and more slowly.
What happens to subglottal pressure (Psub) when the pitch is raised?
What happens to subglottal pressure (Psub) when the pitch is raised?
- Psub decreases dramatically.
- Psub needs to increase to support higher pitch. (correct)
- Psub is not related to pitch at all.
- Psub remains constant.
What is the relationship between vibratory amplitude and the rate of vibration?
What is the relationship between vibratory amplitude and the rate of vibration?
- They are inversely proportional. (correct)
- They are independent of each other.
- They both increase together.
- They are directly proportional.
Which statement about vocal cords at lower pitches is true?
Which statement about vocal cords at lower pitches is true?
When vocal cords are shortened due to contraction, what effect does it have on pitch?
When vocal cords are shortened due to contraction, what effect does it have on pitch?
What ultimately causes a higher pitch to be produced in the voice?
What ultimately causes a higher pitch to be produced in the voice?
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding vocal cord vibration?
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding vocal cord vibration?
What effect does increasing the fundamental frequency (Fo) have on mid-range vocal cords?
What effect does increasing the fundamental frequency (Fo) have on mid-range vocal cords?
What is the primary function of phonation in voice production?
What is the primary function of phonation in voice production?
Which of the following best describes resonance?
Which of the following best describes resonance?
What role do the pleura play in lung function?
What role do the pleura play in lung function?
Which muscle primarily flattens during quiet inspiration?
Which muscle primarily flattens during quiet inspiration?
What is the main function of the external intercostals during respiration?
What is the main function of the external intercostals during respiration?
Which of the following best describes the structure of the lungs?
Which of the following best describes the structure of the lungs?
During forced inspiration, which muscle elevates the sternum?
During forced inspiration, which muscle elevates the sternum?
What would happen to the lungs if they were removed from the body?
What would happen to the lungs if they were removed from the body?
What does vital capacity measure?
What does vital capacity measure?
Which factors influence the normal amount of vital capacity expected for an individual?
Which factors influence the normal amount of vital capacity expected for an individual?
What does the combination of expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV) represent?
What does the combination of expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV) represent?
How does body position influence breathing during phonation or speech?
How does body position influence breathing during phonation or speech?
Why might some therapists prefer laying clients down during treatment?
Why might some therapists prefer laying clients down during treatment?
What happens to vital capacity as a person ages?
What happens to vital capacity as a person ages?
What is the primary reason for measuring lung capacity in voice clients?
What is the primary reason for measuring lung capacity in voice clients?
Which term describes the gravitational effect on lung function during expiration?
Which term describes the gravitational effect on lung function during expiration?
What does TLC stand for in respiratory terms?
What does TLC stand for in respiratory terms?
Which equation correctly defines the relationship between TV, IRV, and IC?
Which equation correctly defines the relationship between TV, IRV, and IC?
What does VC represent in respiratory physiology?
What does VC represent in respiratory physiology?
What is the main purpose of the residual volume (RV) in the lungs?
What is the main purpose of the residual volume (RV) in the lungs?
How is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC) defined?
How is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC) defined?
What is the typical range for female tidal volume (TV) in milliliters?
What is the typical range for female tidal volume (TV) in milliliters?
What does the 'dead air' refer to in lung capacity calculations?
What does the 'dead air' refer to in lung capacity calculations?
What is the significance of the vital capacity (VC) measurement?
What is the significance of the vital capacity (VC) measurement?
What is the role of medial compression in increasing vocal intensity?
What is the role of medial compression in increasing vocal intensity?
Which muscles are primarily responsible for medial compression of the vocal cords?
Which muscles are primarily responsible for medial compression of the vocal cords?
How does the shape and position of the vocal tract influence vocal loudness?
How does the shape and position of the vocal tract influence vocal loudness?
Where does the vocal tract begin and end?
Where does the vocal tract begin and end?
What happens when the closed phase of the vocal cords is prolonged?
What happens when the closed phase of the vocal cords is prolonged?
What would happen to sound production without the vocal tract?
What would happen to sound production without the vocal tract?
Which action does NOT contribute to the control of vocal loudness?
Which action does NOT contribute to the control of vocal loudness?
Which factor directly affects the amplitude of the vocal fold vibrations?
Which factor directly affects the amplitude of the vocal fold vibrations?
Study Notes
Phonation and Resonance
- Phonation refers to the production of sound by the vocal folds vibrating.
- Resonance refers to the modification of sound by the size and shape of the vocal tract.
- The vocal tract includes the pharynx, nasal cavity, and oral cavity.
Respiration
- Respiration provides the power for voice production.
- The lungs are made of elastic material with few muscle fibers.
- Lung function depends on muscle contractions of the rib cage and diaphragm.
- The pleura, a membrane surrounding the lungs, helps keep them attached to the rib cage by negative pressure and surface tension.
Muscles of Inspiration
- Quiet inspiration:
- The diaphragm flattens during inspiration, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity.
- External intercostal muscles elevate the ribs, expanding the rib cage.
- Forced inspiration:
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle elevates the sternum.
- Additional muscles may be involved, depending on the intensity of the inspiration.
Pitch and Subglottal Pressure
- Higher pitch requires faster vocal fold vibration and increased subglottal pressure.
- Lower pitch allows for more forceful vocal fold vibration and greater amplitude.
- Subglottal pressure increases proportionally with fundamental frequency.
Intensity and Vocal Tract Tuning
- Intensity (loudness) is controlled by increasing the closed phase of the vibratory cycle, increasing subglottal pressure, medial compression, and vocal tract tuning.
- Medial compression is achieved by muscles like the lateral cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid muscles.
- The vocal tract acts as a filter, shaping the sound waves produced by the vibrating vocal folds.
Vocal Tract
- The vocal tract begins above the vocal folds and ends at the lips.
- It includes the pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity.
- The shape and size of these cavities influence voice quality.
Lung Capacity
- Total lung capacity (TLC) refers to the maximum volume of air the lungs can hold.
- Vital capacity (VC) is the amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation.
- Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration.
- Tidal volume (TV) is the amount of air exchanged during normal breathing.
- Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration.
- Residual volume (RV) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum exhalation.
Upright vs. Supine Breathing
- Breathing is influenced by body position.
- Expiration is harder in a supine position due to gravity pushing down on the ribs and lungs.
- Gravity makes it more difficult to exhale passively, requiring increased effort from the diaphragm.
Generalization of Treatment
- Generalization of voice treatment from supine to upright position is questionable.
- Voice therapy sessions are typically conducted in an upright position, with a focus on breathing patterns and exercises.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the vital processes of phonation and resonance, as well as the role of respiration in voice production. Explore how the vocal tract, lungs, and respiratory muscles contribute to sound generation. This quiz covers key concepts related to human voice mechanics.
