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Questions and Answers
What is Class A airspace?
What is Class A airspace?
What is the flight visibility requirement for Class B airspace?
What is the flight visibility requirement for Class B airspace?
What is the minimum distance from clouds required in Class C airspace?
What is the minimum distance from clouds required in Class C airspace?
1,000 feet above, 500 feet below, 2,000 feet horizontal
What is the base altitude of Class E airspace when charted?
What is the base altitude of Class E airspace when charted?
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Class G airspace is controlled by ATC.
Class G airspace is controlled by ATC.
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What do 'Restricted Areas' signify?
What do 'Restricted Areas' signify?
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What type of airspace is designated with a 'P' followed by a number?
What type of airspace is designated with a 'P' followed by a number?
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What does TFR stand for?
What does TFR stand for?
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What is an Alert Area?
What is an Alert Area?
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What service does LAA provide?
What service does LAA provide?
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What are Military Training Routes (MTRs) used for?
What are Military Training Routes (MTRs) used for?
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A warning area is charted with a '___' followed by a number.
A warning area is charted with a '___' followed by a number.
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What are Controlled Firing Areas (CFAs)?
What are Controlled Firing Areas (CFAs)?
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Study Notes
Class A Airspace
- Extends from 18,000 feet MSL and all operations are conducted under IFR.
- VFR minimums for visibility and cloud distance are not applicable.
Class B Airspace
- Covers from ground up to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding busy airports.
- Requires ATC clearance to enter; acknowledged with "Cleared thru Bravo."
- VFR minimums: 3 statute miles visibility, clear of clouds.
Class C Airspace
- Ranges from the surface to 4,000 feet above airport elevation, often shaped with a 5 NM surface area radius and a 10 NM outer radius.
- Mandatory two-way radio communication; full call sign used for entry.
- VFR minimums: 3 statute miles visibility, 1,000 feet above, 500 feet below, and 2,000 feet horizontal from clouds.
Class D Airspace
- Extends from surface to 2,500 feet above airport elevation.
- Requires two-way communication for directions to enter.
- VFR minimums: 3 statute miles visibility, 1,000 feet above, 500 feet below, and 2,000 feet horizontal from clouds.
Class E Airspace
- Begins at 14,500 feet MSL if no other class is indicated; bases often at 1,200 feet or 700 feet AGL.
- VFR minimums vary:
- At or above 10,000 feet: 5 statute miles visibility, 1,000 feet above, 1,000 feet below, 1 statute mile horizontal.
- Below 10,000 feet: 3 statute miles visibility, 1,000 feet above, 500 feet below, 2,000 feet horizontal.
Class G Airspace
- Extends from the surface to the base of overlying Class E airspace, typically 700 or 1,200 feet.
- ATC has no control authority.
- Daytime VFR minimums vary with altitude, generally requiring more strict visibility and distance from clouds regulations than at night.
Special Use Airspace (SUAs)
- Defined areas where specific activities occur or operations are limited.
- Includes prohibited areas, restricted areas, warning areas, military operation areas (MOAs), alert areas, and controlled firing areas (CFAs).
Prohibited Areas
- Denoted with a "P" followed by a number (e.g., P-40).
- Flight prohibited due to security concerns, such as around national landmarks.
Restricted Areas
- Indicated with an "R" followed by a number; risky operations present hazards to nonparticipating aircraft.
- Entry may be permitted if not active and authorized by ATC.
Warning Areas
- Charted with a "W" followed by a number (e.g., W-237).
- Extends from the U.S. coast; may contain hazardous activities to nonparticipating aircraft.
Military Operation Areas (MOAs)
- Airspace defined for military training to separate it from IFR traffic.
- Nonparticipating aircraft may transit if IFR separation is ensured.
Alert Areas
- Indicated by an "A" followed by a number (e.g., A-211); caution advised due to high training activity.
Local Airport Advisory (LAA)
- Provided by Flight Service Stations; offers local advisories and weather reports using designated frequencies.
Military Training Routes (MTRs)
- Established for military aircraft training, usually under 10,000 feet MSL at speeds exceeding 250 knots.
- Denoted as IFR (IR) or VFR (VR) routes; marked with identifying numbers.
Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFR)
- Issued via FDC NOTAMs to restrict aircraft from flying in certain areas temporarily, commonly for security purposes post-9/11.
Published VFR Routes
- Designed for navigating complex airspace transitions, known by terms like VFR flyway or transition route.
Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSAs)
- Areas where VFR pilots can receive enhanced radar services; participation is optional but recommended.
National Security Areas (NSAs)
- Defined airspace requesting voluntary avoidance to enhance security; may have temporary prohibitions.
Basic VFR Weather Minimums
- Pilots prohibited from flying under VFR in certain visibility conditions; 14 CFR part 91 outlines specific requirements.
Controlled Firing Area (CFA)
- Activities are coordinated to eliminate hazards to nonparticipating aircraft and ensure safety.
Parachute Jump Aircraft Operations
- Information published in the Chart Supplement U.S.; frequently used sites indicated on sectional charts.
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Description
Test your knowledge of airspace classifications with these flashcards from Chapter 15 of the PHOAK study material. Learn about Class A and Class B airspaces, including their definitions, operational rules, and visibility requirements. Perfect for students preparing for aviation-related certifications.
