PHM 10202 Biochemistry Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What structure is primarily responsible for protein synthesis in cells?

Lysosome

Central vacuole

Ribosome (correct)

Chloroplast

Which of the following organelles is involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism?

Cell wall

Lysosome

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (correct)

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

What major component makes up over 63% of the human body's atoms?

Nitrogen

Carbon

Oxygen (correct)

Hydrogen

Which biomolecule can form linear chains, branched chains, and cyclic structures?

Carbon compounds Signup and view all the answers

What type of biomolecule is primarily responsible for energy storage in cells?

Lipids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a monomer that forms proteins?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?

Degrade proteins and membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of biochemistry?

The chemistry of living organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group affects the chemical diversity of biomolecules?

Functional groups Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes bioenergetics?

Study of energy flow in cells Signup and view all the answers

Which individual is recognized as the father of modern biochemistry?

Carl Alexander Neuberg Signup and view all the answers

Why is the study of biochemistry important?

It leads to an understanding of life and health issues Signup and view all the answers

What significant milestone in biochemistry is associated with Hans Krebs?

Discovery of the Citric Acid Cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a fundamental aspect of biochemistry?

It interrelates chemical structures with biological functions Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the notable breakthroughs in the field of biochemistry?

Discovery of enzymes as catalysts Signup and view all the answers

What does biochemistry primarily study at the molecular level?

Chemical compounds in living organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes prokaryotic cells?

Prokaryotes are typically unicellular organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?

Energy production through metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell primarily do?

Houses the cell's genetic material and oversees RNA synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the plasma membrane?

It serves as the cell's defining boundary and a transport system. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Sorting and transporting materials from the rough endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Which choice correctly distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and are often multicellular. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cells is TRUE?

Cells are the smallest living unit of an organism. Signup and view all the answers

What function do ribosomes serve within the cell?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cells?

Major energy source and provide structure Signup and view all the answers

Which class of biomolecules is primarily responsible for forming biological membranes?

Lipids Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs during the connection of two monomers in biomolecule formation?

Dehydration synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding proteins is incorrect?

Proteins are composed of sugars. Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

Nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes lipids?

Hydrophobic molecules that serve multiple functions including energy storage Signup and view all the answers

What role do steroid hormones play in living organisms?

Regulate cell activity by altering gene expression Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA has a double helix structure while RNA is typically single-stranded Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of biochemistry is important for understanding the efficiency of drug modifications?

Drug constitution Signup and view all the answers

In which area does biochemistry help to identify potential nutritional deficiencies?

Food chemistry Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes how plants synthesize carbohydrates using sunlight?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What does biochemistry provide insight into regarding drug metabolism?

Metabolism pathways involving biochemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

Why is the understanding of hormonal formation significant in biochemistry?

It informs normal body functions Signup and view all the answers

What role do nutrients play described under the importance of biochemistry?

Contributing to overall health Signup and view all the answers

Which biochemistry process occurs when plants take up CO2 and release O2?

Respiration Signup and view all the answers

What does the study of secondary metabolites in plants encompass?

Formation of various plant products Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course title: PHM 10202 Biochemistry
Lecturer: Dr. Norsyafikah Asyilla Nordin
University: UniSZA (Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin)

Course Assessment Plan

Continuous Assessment (CONASS): 40%
- Test (Multiple Choice Questions, MCQ): 10%
- Test (Sequential Questions, SEQ): 10%
- Lab Report: 20%
Final Assessment (FINASS): 60%
- Final Exam: 60%

Course Schedule

Week 1 (10/10/24): Introduction to biochemistry components (Lecture 1)
Week 2 (17/10/24): Water as a universal solvent (Lecture 2)
Week 2 (23/10/24): Enzymes (Lecture 3)
Week 3 (24/10/24): Practical 1 - Enzyme kinetics
Week 3 (30/10/24): Practical 2 - Total protein determination
Week 3 (31/10/24): Deepawali Public Holiday
Week 4 (6/11/24): Practical 3 - Quantitative analysis of carbohydrate
Week 5 (7/11/24): Lecture 4 - Protein (Part 1)
Week 5 (13/11/24): Practical 4 - Quantitative analysis of lipid
Week 5 (14/11/24): Lecture 4 - Protein (Part 2)
Week 6 (20/11/24): Test 1 - Dr. Asyilla
Week 7 (21/11/24): Lecture 5 - Membrane transport
Week 8 (5/12/24): Lecture 6 - Carbohydrate (Part 1) - Mid Semester Break (24/11 - 30/11/2024)
Week 9 (12/12/24): Lecture 6 - Carbohydrate (Part 2)
Week 10 (19/12/24): Lecture 7 - Lipid (Part 1)
Week 11 (26/12/24): Lecture 7 - Lipid (Part 2)
Week 11 to 12 (2/1/25 - 9/1/25): Lecture 8 - Metabolism and drug delivery, Test 2 - Dr. Nasyriq
Week 12 (16/1/25): KeLIP Activity; Study Week (17 - 26/1/25); Final Examination (2/2 - 20/2/25)

Learning Outcomes

Understand the principle of biochemistry
Describe the development of biochemistry
Discuss the function of organelles in cells
Discuss the classes and functions of biomolecules
Explain the importance of biochemistry in daily life

Biochemistry Basics

Biochemistry: Special branch of chemistry dealing with chemical compounds in living organisms
Study of life on a molecular level
Chemistry of living cells
Biochemistry = chemistry of life

Why Study Biochemistry?

Fundamental understanding of life
Understanding important issues in medicine, health, and nutrition
Greater molecular understanding of diseases (diabetes, sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis)
Advanced biotechnology industries

Biochemistry Structure,Organization & Function

To understand life on a molecular level
Knowledge of chemical structures of biological molecules
Understanding the biological function of molecules
Understanding of bioenergetics - the study of energy flow in cells

History of Biochemistry

Carl Alexander Neuberg (July 1877–May 1956): An early pioneer, father of modern biochemistry; gained international recognition through elucidation of biochemical reactions of alcoholic fermentation

Notable Breakthroughs

Discovery of enzymes as catalysts
Identification of nucleic acids as information molecules

Historic Events

1937 - Krebs won Nobel Prize in Physiology for discovering the Citric Acid Cycle
1953 - Watson and Crick won Nobel Prize in Physiology for discovering the DNA double Helix

Cells

Basic building blocks of life
Smallest living unit
Can be an entire organism (unicellular) or part of a larger organism (multicellular)
Grow, reproduce, use energy, adapt, respond to their environment

Prokaryotes

Unicellular
Generally have one cellular membrane
The interior is known as the cytoplasm

Eukaryotes

Multicellular
Organelles: Specialized cellular parts with specific functions

Organelles (details on specific organelles are on later pages)

Biomolecules

H, O, C, and N make up 99+% of atoms in the human body
These elements are the backbone of biomolecules because of their ability to form strong covalent bonds
Chemical reactions inside cells are the same as those outside.

Biomolecules are Carbon Compounds

Carbon atoms can form single, double, and triple bonds
A single carbon atom can form single bonds with up to four other carbon atoms
Covalently linked carbon atoms form linear chains, branched chains, and cyclic structures.
Functional groups are groups of other atoms attached to the carbon backbone. These groups define the chemical properties and diversity of biomolecules.

Types of Biomolecules

Small molecules: lipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, sterols, vitamins, hormones, neurotransmitters, carbohydrates, sugars
Monomers: amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides
Polymers: peptides, polypeptides, proteins, nucleic acids (RNA, DNA), oligosaccharides, polysaccharides

How Monomers Form Polymers

Condensation reactions (dehydration synthesis): A water molecule is removed to join two monomers.

Major Classes of Biomolecules

Carbohydrates: composed of C, H and O; sugars; serve energy, structural, communication, and adhesion functions; crucial in defending and removing foreign materials
Proteins: composed of amino acids; vital in structures (hair, muscle, nails, cell components), cell transport, biological catalysts (enzymes), and hormones
Lipids: a diverse group including fats, oils, waxes, and steroid hormones; do not dissolve in water; crucial for forming biological membranes; storing energy; and for protection.

Nucleic Acids

Store information for building cells; composed of nucleotides (A, C, G, T, U)
DNA: double helix structure; storage form of genetic information in the nucleus.
RNA: typically single-stranded; working form of information made in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm.

Importance in Pharmacy

Drug Constitution (degradation with temperature changes, modifications for efficiency, minimizing side effects)
Half-life and Drug storage (drug stability at diverse temperatures)
Drug metabolism(how drug molecules are metabolized by enzymes)

Importance in Medicine

Physiology (understanding biochemical changes and physiological alterations in the body)
Pathology (identifying biochemical changes associated with disorders)
Nutrition deficiency (describing function and role of vitamins)
Hormonal deficiency(understanding hormone formation and role in body function)

Importance in Nutrition

Food chemistry (information on components like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc.)
Role of nutrients (importance of vitamins, and minerals, essential fatty acids, and dietary practices)
Prescribing food usage limitation (considering various conditions)

Importance in Plants

Photosynthesis (describing carbohydrate synthesis using sunlight, CO2, and water)
Respiration (plants releasing O2 and absorbing CO2; energy production)
Plant secondary metabolites (discussing compounds like gums, tannins, alkaloids, resins, enzymes, and phytohormones)
Other functions (describing fruit ripening, seed germination, and other plant processes)

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Description

Test your knowledge with the PHM 10202 Biochemistry quiz. This assessment covers key topics such as water as a solvent, enzymes, and practical applications including quantitative analysis of carbohydrates and lipids. Evaluate your understanding and readiness for the upcoming assessments!