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Questions and Answers
What is forensic toxicology concerned with?
What is forensic toxicology concerned with?
Legal consequences of toxin exposure.
If only enough blood is collected from an adult to fill one blood culture bottle, where should it be added?
If only enough blood is collected from an adult to fill one blood culture bottle, where should it be added?
Aerobic bottle.
What test requires four special tubes collected using a special order of draw?
What test requires four special tubes collected using a special order of draw?
TB-Gold.
Which of the following blood culture collection steps are in the correct order?
Which of the following blood culture collection steps are in the correct order?
A lactose tolerance test is used to determine if a patient lacks which enzyme?
A lactose tolerance test is used to determine if a patient lacks which enzyme?
What is the preferred sample for parentage testing?
What is the preferred sample for parentage testing?
All those allowed to order paternity testing include all of the following EXCEPT?
All those allowed to order paternity testing include all of the following EXCEPT?
What is the recommended disinfectant for blood culture sites in infants two months and older?
What is the recommended disinfectant for blood culture sites in infants two months and older?
Unused autologous units may be used by other patients.
Unused autologous units may be used by other patients.
What does the phosphate additive in a donor unit of blood do?
What does the phosphate additive in a donor unit of blood do?
What can a transfusion of incompatible blood cause?
What can a transfusion of incompatible blood cause?
What must blood from a cell-salvaging procedure be evaluated for before reinfusion?
What must blood from a cell-salvaging procedure be evaluated for before reinfusion?
When a donor unit of blood is collected, what follows?
When a donor unit of blood is collected, what follows?
Which of the following are coagulation tests that can be monitored using a POC instrument?
Which of the following are coagulation tests that can be monitored using a POC instrument?
Why do pediatric blood cultures create challenges?
Why do pediatric blood cultures create challenges?
What instrument can be used to monitor blood gases?
What instrument can be used to monitor blood gases?
An autologous transfusion eliminates many risks of transfusion, such as?
An autologous transfusion eliminates many risks of transfusion, such as?
What does hyperkalemia mean?
What does hyperkalemia mean?
What do all POC glucose analyzers approved for hospital use have in common?
What do all POC glucose analyzers approved for hospital use have in common?
What do ARD and FAN blood culture bottles do?
What do ARD and FAN blood culture bottles do?
What is septicemia?
What is septicemia?
Which test is used as a marker of the severity of sepsis?
Which test is used as a marker of the severity of sepsis?
To donate blood in most states, persons must be at least?
To donate blood in most states, persons must be at least?
Which condition requires a unit of blood to be withdrawn from a patient as treatment?
Which condition requires a unit of blood to be withdrawn from a patient as treatment?
Which test requires especially strict identification and specimen labeling procedures?
Which test requires especially strict identification and specimen labeling procedures?
Drugs of abuse include all of the following EXCEPT?
Drugs of abuse include all of the following EXCEPT?
What gauge needles are typically used to collect donor units of blood?
What gauge needles are typically used to collect donor units of blood?
What is the volume of a typical unit of blood?
What is the volume of a typical unit of blood?
Which test is collected from patients with FUO to rule out septicemia?
Which test is collected from patients with FUO to rule out septicemia?
Which tubes can be used to collect blood bank specimens EXCEPT?
Which tubes can be used to collect blood bank specimens EXCEPT?
Which test is collected using special skin decontamination procedures?
Which test is collected using special skin decontamination procedures?
Genetic fingerprinting can be used to determine?
Genetic fingerprinting can be used to determine?
Why would blood cultures be collected with an antimicrobial-absorbing resin?
Why would blood cultures be collected with an antimicrobial-absorbing resin?
Which specimen tube must contain a 9-to-1 ratio of blood to anticoagulation to be accepted for testing?
Which specimen tube must contain a 9-to-1 ratio of blood to anticoagulation to be accepted for testing?
What is the best additive for collecting an ethanol specimen?
What is the best additive for collecting an ethanol specimen?
Which blood culture bottle is inoculated first when the specimen has been collected by needle and syringe?
Which blood culture bottle is inoculated first when the specimen has been collected by needle and syringe?
What is the most critical aspect of blood culture collection?
What is the most critical aspect of blood culture collection?
What can a site for blood cultures collection typically be cleaned with?
What can a site for blood cultures collection typically be cleaned with?
Which additive is sometimes used to collect blood culture specimens?
Which additive is sometimes used to collect blood culture specimens?
Which type of specimen may require collection of a discard tube before the test specimen is collected?
Which type of specimen may require collection of a discard tube before the test specimen is collected?
The oral glucose challenge test does what?
The oral glucose challenge test does what?
Which test is used as a screening test for glucose metabolism problems?
Which test is used as a screening test for glucose metabolism problems?
Which activities can negatively affect a glucose tolerance test (GTT)?
Which activities can negatively affect a glucose tolerance test (GTT)?
When does the timing of specimen collection begin during a GTT?
When does the timing of specimen collection begin during a GTT?
What should a phlebotomist do if they arrive for a 2-hour postprandial glucose specimen and discover 2 hours have not elapsed since the patient's last meal?
What should a phlebotomist do if they arrive for a 2-hour postprandial glucose specimen and discover 2 hours have not elapsed since the patient's last meal?
What should a phlebotomist do if a patient undergoing a GTT vomits within 30 minutes of drinking the glucose beverage?
What should a phlebotomist do if a patient undergoing a GTT vomits within 30 minutes of drinking the glucose beverage?
What is increased blood glucose called?
What is increased blood glucose called?
When does a blood glucose level in normal individuals typically peak after glucose ingestion?
When does a blood glucose level in normal individuals typically peak after glucose ingestion?
What must remain consistent throughout an oral glucose test?
What must remain consistent throughout an oral glucose test?
What does patient preparation before a GTT involve?
What does patient preparation before a GTT involve?
Which of the following can be used to clean a site before a blood alcohol specimen is collected?
Which of the following can be used to clean a site before a blood alcohol specimen is collected?
Which specimens may require chain-of-custody documentation when collected?
Which specimens may require chain-of-custody documentation when collected?
What is the purpose of TDM?
What is the purpose of TDM?
Which test would not be subject to therapeutic drug monitoring?
Which test would not be subject to therapeutic drug monitoring?
What additional action is necessary if a peak drug level ordered for 0900 hours is drawn 10 minutes late?
What additional action is necessary if a peak drug level ordered for 0900 hours is drawn 10 minutes late?
When is a trough drug level collected?
When is a trough drug level collected?
Which test requires the collection of multiple specimens?
Which test requires the collection of multiple specimens?
Timing of collection is most critical for drugs with short half-lives, such as?
Timing of collection is most critical for drugs with short half-lives, such as?
Molecular tests can be used to?
Molecular tests can be used to?
What is the most common reason for glucose monitoring through POCT?
What is the most common reason for glucose monitoring through POCT?
Which one of the following tests can be collected using a tube other than a trace element-free tube?
Which one of the following tests can be collected using a tube other than a trace element-free tube?
What is the definition of toxicology?
What is the definition of toxicology?
Which test typically has the shortest turnaround time if performed by POCT?
Which test typically has the shortest turnaround time if performed by POCT?
Which of the following is not a POCT analyzer?
Which of the following is not a POCT analyzer?
To prevent introducing a contaminating substance into a trace-element collection tube, it is suggested that you?
To prevent introducing a contaminating substance into a trace-element collection tube, it is suggested that you?
Which of the following is one of the most common bedside or POCT tests?
Which of the following is one of the most common bedside or POCT tests?
Which test is used to monitor heparin therapy?
Which test is used to monitor heparin therapy?
Tan-top tubes containing K2EDTA can be used to collect specimens for which test?
Tan-top tubes containing K2EDTA can be used to collect specimens for which test?
When should QC for waived tests be performed?
When should QC for waived tests be performed?
What is a noninvasive transcutaneous method used to measure?
What is a noninvasive transcutaneous method used to measure?
What accumulation in the blood can cause metabolic acidosis?
What accumulation in the blood can cause metabolic acidosis?
POCT analyzer QC must be repeated if?
POCT analyzer QC must be repeated if?
Ionized calcium plays a critical role in all of the following EXCEPT?
Ionized calcium plays a critical role in all of the following EXCEPT?
What is below-normal blood pH referred to as?
What is below-normal blood pH referred to as?
Which is a protein that is specific to heart muscle?
Which is a protein that is specific to heart muscle?
What is B-type natriuretic peptide?
What is B-type natriuretic peptide?
What test is used to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of diabetes therapy?
What test is used to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of diabetes therapy?
Which test is referred to as the packed cell volume?
Which test is referred to as the packed cell volume?
What is a type of TB blood test?
What is a type of TB blood test?
What should you do with partial tubes if blood flow stops during collection?
What should you do with partial tubes if blood flow stops during collection?
What does POCT lipid testing include?
What does POCT lipid testing include?
Which point-of-care blood analyzer uses a microcuvette instead of a test strip or cartridge?
Which point-of-care blood analyzer uses a microcuvette instead of a test strip or cartridge?
An uncorrected imbalance of which analyte can quickly lead to death?
An uncorrected imbalance of which analyte can quickly lead to death?
What does the POC instrument VerifyNow do?
What does the POC instrument VerifyNow do?
What happens in the Lookback program?
What happens in the Lookback program?
What is a hemoglobin A1c performed for?
What is a hemoglobin A1c performed for?
Which of the following is an example of an immunosuppressant drug?
Which of the following is an example of an immunosuppressant drug?
What test is important in the management of patients with anemia?
What test is important in the management of patients with anemia?
What was the international normalized ratio (INR) created to solve?
What was the international normalized ratio (INR) created to solve?
Which point-of-care test helps a physician detect low-grade inflammation even in asymptomatic individuals?
Which point-of-care test helps a physician detect low-grade inflammation even in asymptomatic individuals?
What is a chain of custody?
What is a chain of custody?
What regulates glucose levels in the blood?
What regulates glucose levels in the blood?
What is the time required for the body to metabolize half the amount of a drug called?
What is the time required for the body to metabolize half the amount of a drug called?
Which test identifies individuals at future risk of heart disease?
Which test identifies individuals at future risk of heart disease?
What is the order of draw if drawing a protime and CBC with a blood culture specimen?
What is the order of draw if drawing a protime and CBC with a blood culture specimen?
What do rapid syphilis tests detect?
What do rapid syphilis tests detect?
What is initial specimen diversion?
What is initial specimen diversion?
What type of specimen was collected in a royal blue-top tube with a lavender stripe on the label?
What type of specimen was collected in a royal blue-top tube with a lavender stripe on the label?
Which of the following is a type of 'good' cholesterol?
Which of the following is a type of 'good' cholesterol?
When should the 1-hr specimen be collected after administering glucose in a GTT?
When should the 1-hr specimen be collected after administering glucose in a GTT?
Study Notes
Forensic Toxicology
- Forensic toxicology involves the legal implications of toxin exposure.
Blood Culture Collection
- When collecting blood cultures, if only one bottle can be filled, prioritize adding to the aerobic bottle.
- Correct order for blood culture collection: select equipment, perform friction scrub, cleanse bottle tops, and perform venipuncture.
- Pediatric blood culture challenges arise due to prior antibiotic administration.
- Initial specimen diversion is a technique used when collecting blood cultures.
Lactose Tolerance Test
- The lactose tolerance test assesses if a patient lacks the enzyme to convert lactose into glucose and galactose.
Parentage Testing
- Blood samples are the preferred specimens for parentage testing.
- A child who is a minor cannot order paternity testing.
Blood Donation and Transfusions
- Autologous donation acknowledges that unused units are not shared with other patients.
- Blood transfusions may be fatal if incompatible blood is given due to red blood cell lysis.
- TDM (therapeutic drug monitoring) helps maintain appropriate drug dosages across various medications.
Blood Specimen Collection and Tests
- The phosphate additive in blood ensures plasma pH stability.
- Coagulation testing requires a specific ratio of blood to anticoagulant in the specimen tube.
- Blood alcohol specimens can be cleaned using Zephiran chloride.
- Tests like hemoglobin A1c are essential for managing diabetes and monitoring treatment effectiveness.
- Collection of multiple specimens is necessary for glucose tolerance tests (GTT).
Glucose Metabolism
- Hyperglycemia indicates increased blood glucose levels.
- Glucose levels typically peak 30 to 60 minutes after ingestion.
- Timing of specimen collection during GTT begins after the glucose beverage is finished.
- Patients complete meals with controlled carbohydrate intake 3 days prior to GTT for accurate results.
Point-of-Care Testing (POCT)
- Popular tests include glucose monitoring for diabetic management and cardiac assessments using TnT and B-type natriuretic peptide.
- POCT can use diverse blood sample types, allowing devices to download data and verify operator IDs for security.
- HemoCue HB201+ uses microcuvettes for testing instead of traditional strips.
Infection and Sepsis Monitoring
- Lactate levels serve as markers for sepsis severity.
- Septicemia refers to the presence of microorganisms in the bloodstream.
Anemia and Hematology
- Hemoglobin is crucial in anemia management.
- Blood specimens for lead analysis require tan-top tubes with K2EDTA.
Miscellaneous
- Chain-of-custody protocols apply to forensic specimens, ensuring integrity during testing.
- Rapid tests like those for syphilis detect specific pathogens like Treponema pallidum.
- Good cholesterol is represented by HDL, while drugs like phenobarbital are not categorized as typical abuse substances.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of Chapter 11 in your Phlebotomy studies with these flashcards. This quiz covers topics like forensic toxicology, blood collection techniques, and specific tests such as TB-Gold. Perfect for preparing for your upcoming phlebotomy exam!
