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Questions and Answers
What does Karl Jaspers suggest about the being of a human person?
What does Karl Jaspers suggest about the being of a human person?
- It is predetermined and unchangeable.
- It can be fully understood through schemas.
- It is lost in a context of total determination. (correct)
- It remains static throughout one's life.
How does the question 'WHO AM I?' affect an individual's perspective?
How does the question 'WHO AM I?' affect an individual's perspective?
- It simplifies understanding of self.
- It discourages existential contemplation.
- It prompts introspection and challenges ordinary answers. (correct)
- It reinforces the ordinary aspects of life.
In what way does human existence transcend mere physicality?
In what way does human existence transcend mere physicality?
- By fulfilling routine daily tasks.
- Through social interactions alone.
- Through scientific advancements.
- By recognizing we have a soul or spirit. (correct)
What characterizes existential limit situations according to the content?
What characterizes existential limit situations according to the content?
Which statement best reflects the relationship between the soul and the mind according to the content?
Which statement best reflects the relationship between the soul and the mind according to the content?
What is a significant outcome of questioning one's existence?
What is a significant outcome of questioning one's existence?
What do boundary situations typically do to one's perception of ordinary life?
What do boundary situations typically do to one's perception of ordinary life?
Why is understanding the concept of 'WHO AM I?' crucial in existential philosophy?
Why is understanding the concept of 'WHO AM I?' crucial in existential philosophy?
What conclusion does Descartes reach at the beginning of his meditations?
What conclusion does Descartes reach at the beginning of his meditations?
According to Descartes, which of the following abilities distinguishes humans from other bodies?
According to Descartes, which of the following abilities distinguishes humans from other bodies?
What is the essence of the soul according to the content?
What is the essence of the soul according to the content?
What does Descartes imply about the relationship between the mind and the body?
What does Descartes imply about the relationship between the mind and the body?
What capacity is NOT attributed to a 'thinking being' according to Descartes?
What capacity is NOT attributed to a 'thinking being' according to Descartes?
How does Descartes define a 'thing that thinks'?
How does Descartes define a 'thing that thinks'?
What philosophical stance does Descartes' view of dualism contrast with?
What philosophical stance does Descartes' view of dualism contrast with?
What is an outcome of the process of introspection in relation to self-discovery?
What is an outcome of the process of introspection in relation to self-discovery?
What is the main assertion of dualists regarding the mind and the brain?
What is the main assertion of dualists regarding the mind and the brain?
According to Plato, what does the human soul do in relation to the body?
According to Plato, what does the human soul do in relation to the body?
What are boundary situations said to evoke in individuals, according to the content?
What are boundary situations said to evoke in individuals, according to the content?
What does Plato’s theory of Forms suggest about the physical world?
What does Plato’s theory of Forms suggest about the physical world?
How does knowledge relate to Plato’s realm of forms?
How does knowledge relate to Plato’s realm of forms?
What type of questions do individuals begin to ask themselves when experiencing boundary situations?
What type of questions do individuals begin to ask themselves when experiencing boundary situations?
What is implied about the physical world in relation to the realm of ideas?
What is implied about the physical world in relation to the realm of ideas?
What is the significance of human reflection according to the content?
What is the significance of human reflection according to the content?
What does Saint Thomas Aquinas argue about the relationship between the body and soul?
What does Saint Thomas Aquinas argue about the relationship between the body and soul?
Why do teenagers often feel misunderstood during this period of their lives?
Why do teenagers often feel misunderstood during this period of their lives?
What is one major philosophical question that arises from distinguishing the mind from the brain?
What is one major philosophical question that arises from distinguishing the mind from the brain?
In what way do Christians believe humans are created?
In what way do Christians believe humans are created?
What common misconception is associated with the idea of dualism?
What common misconception is associated with the idea of dualism?
What is implied by the statement that a being is one even though it consists of many parts?
What is implied by the statement that a being is one even though it consists of many parts?
What challenges arise when examining the interaction between the mind and body?
What challenges arise when examining the interaction between the mind and body?
How do some philosophers view the relationship between the body and soul?
How do some philosophers view the relationship between the body and soul?
What distinguishes human beings from other beings such as plants and animals?
What distinguishes human beings from other beings such as plants and animals?
What emotional experience can arise from contemplating our existence?
What emotional experience can arise from contemplating our existence?
Why do philosophers consider the scope and power of reason to be problematic?
Why do philosophers consider the scope and power of reason to be problematic?
Which of the following statements aligns with phenomenological thought about consciousness?
Which of the following statements aligns with phenomenological thought about consciousness?
What does the realization of being contingent beings prompt individuals to do?
What does the realization of being contingent beings prompt individuals to do?
In what way can human reason facilitate a fulfilling life?
In what way can human reason facilitate a fulfilling life?
Why can humans visualize pain without a physical cause?
Why can humans visualize pain without a physical cause?
What is an essential aspect of the human faculty of reason?
What is an essential aspect of the human faculty of reason?
What unique perspective does dualism provide regarding the body and soul?
What unique perspective does dualism provide regarding the body and soul?
According to the perspective on human consciousness, what role does the 'I' play?
According to the perspective on human consciousness, what role does the 'I' play?
What does monism suggest about the relationship between body and soul?
What does monism suggest about the relationship between body and soul?
What aspect of human existence do phenomenologists focus on?
What aspect of human existence do phenomenologists focus on?
What viewpoint do existentialists explore in relation to consciousness?
What viewpoint do existentialists explore in relation to consciousness?
Which philosopher emphasized the notion that the self is a thinking thing?
Which philosopher emphasized the notion that the self is a thinking thing?
What claim does the text make about individuals born without physical completeness?
What claim does the text make about individuals born without physical completeness?
What is a key characteristic of the unity of body and soul as understood in this context?
What is a key characteristic of the unity of body and soul as understood in this context?
Flashcards
Dualism (Mind-Body)
Dualism (Mind-Body)
The philosophical view that mind and body are distinct entities.
Boundary Situations (Jaspers)
Boundary Situations (Jaspers)
Experiences like guilt, death, pain, illness that challenge our existence and lead to self-reflection.
Plato's Dualism
Plato's Dualism
Plato's theory that the soul exists before and after the body, and is connected to an eternal realm of Forms (ideas) separated from the physical world.
Realm of Forms
Realm of Forms
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Physical World (Plato)
Physical World (Plato)
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Human Reflection
Human Reflection
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Existential Limit Situations
Existential Limit Situations
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Ordinary Questions
Ordinary Questions
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Human Being (Beyond Schemas)
Human Being (Beyond Schemas)
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Who Am I?
Who Am I?
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Body (Corporeality)
Body (Corporeality)
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Soul/Mind
Soul/Mind
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Dualism (Descartes)
Dualism (Descartes)
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Monism
Monism
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Descartes' Method of Doubt
Descartes' Method of Doubt
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Descartes' conclusion about existence
Descartes' conclusion about existence
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Thinking Thing (Descartes)
Thinking Thing (Descartes)
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Body-Soul Duality (Descartes)
Body-Soul Duality (Descartes)
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The question "Who am I?"
The question "Who am I?"
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Dualism (mind-body)
Dualism (mind-body)
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Saint Thomas Aquinas
Saint Thomas Aquinas
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Body-Soul Unity
Body-Soul Unity
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Form and Matter (Aristotle)
Form and Matter (Aristotle)
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Human is an embodied soul
Human is an embodied soul
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Difficult questions of mind and body
Difficult questions of mind and body
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Body and Soul Unity
Body and Soul Unity
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Monism
Monism
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Dualism (Body-Mind)
Dualism (Body-Mind)
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Human Consciousness
Human Consciousness
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Phenomenology
Phenomenology
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Existentialism
Existentialism
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Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant
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Rationalist Approach
Rationalist Approach
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Phenomenology (Consciousness)
Phenomenology (Consciousness)
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Existentialism (Contingency)
Existentialism (Contingency)
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Human Reason
Human Reason
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Contingent Existence
Contingent Existence
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Mind/Soul
Mind/Soul
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Human Capacity
Human Capacity
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Anxiety and Despair
Anxiety and Despair
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Study Notes
Unit 2: An Embodied Spirit Coexisting with the Environment
- Discovering the Self (Who Am I?): Socrates argued an unexamined life isn't worth living. Plato believed the soul is immortal, Aristotle that the soul is the essence of self. Augustine said "I doubt, therefore I am." Descartes said "I think, therefore I am." Kant believed we construct self. Locke thought self is consciousness. Hume argued there's no self, while Ryle saw self as behavior, Churchland as the brain, and Merleau-Ponty as embodied subjectivity.
Human Understanding of Self
- Humanity is the source of many questions about existence and the world. A person can discover answers to questions regarding his/her existence. Jose Rizal felt that because humans have reason, they ponder everything, including themselves. The question "Who am I?" forces one to confront their existence. The seemingly obvious questions about the self can be extremely difficult to answer because human existence goes beyond simple schemas and formulas.
Existential Limits
- Boundary situations challenge our ordinary lives, causing one to confront their identity. These situations force self-reflection and expose limitations and finitude. One questions pain, suffering, the meaning of life, and experiences; challenging previous beliefs and answers.
Body and Soul
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Dualism separates mind (or soul) and body as distinct entities. Monism views them as a single substance. Plato argued for dualism, separating the material world (our reality) from the eternal world of forms and ideals. Knowlege lies in the realm of forms/essences, not the physical world. Descartes emphasized the "thinking thing." For dualists mind isn't the exact same as the brain.
-
Thomas Aquinas disagreed with dualism; viewing body and soul as a single being with a union of matter and form. His perspective is that existence is found in this union.
Human Consciousness and Existence
- The "I," or consciousness, is essential to the self. Immanuel Kant emphasized the rational agent aspect of humanity. Reason is contrasted by faith in some contexts. It is a human ability which allows a person to discern the truth. It allows one to survive and endure life compared to other species.
Human Faculty of Reason
- Reason enables humans to think critically to discover the truth. This faculty is debated extensively, with varying perspectives among philosophers, including rationalists, empiricists and skeptics. Reason transcends the physical and can be a meaningful component of our lives. More deliberate experiences and thoughtful reflection enrich human life.
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