Philosophy Theories and Child Rights

Proponents and Theories

Jean Paul Sartre is recognized as a major proponent of existentialism.
John Dewey’s contributions lie in pragmatism and progressivism, emphasizing practical approaches to education.
Søren Kierkegaard is often referred to as the father of existentialism, highlighting individual experience and choice.
Theodore Bramel’s focus is on social reconstruction, aiming to address social issues.
William Bagley advocates for essentialism, stressing foundational knowledge.
John Watson is a key figure in behaviorism, concentrating on observable behaviors over mental processes.

Child Rights

Survival rights include life, healthcare, family, and nationality.
Protection rights address issues like harm, discrimination, and exploitation.
Participation rights ensure children's ability to express themselves and access information in society.
Development rights encompass education, proper living conditions, and leisure opportunities.

Additional Board Exam Pointers

An analysis paper aims to provide in-depth analysis of a topic, distinguishing it from mere summaries.
MELCS refers to the Department of Education's adaptation during the pandemic to enhance learning competency.
SDGs prioritize global well-being across social, economic, and environmental dimensions.
A spiral approach in education integrates science and mathematics in the K-12 curriculum.
Dyspraxia is categorized as an orthopedic impairment affecting physical coordination.
Spending via credit cards is not a definition of financial literacy.
Collaboration in education emphasizes fulfilling group roles effectively.
Leadership involves guiding a team through various tasks.
Gamification applies game-based elements to learning.
The psychological environment comprises both mental and physical aspects of the learning experience.
Cultural exchange programs promote a multicultural perspective in modern education.
Neurological disorders include brain tumors and cerebral palsy, affecting learning abilities.
Circular seating arrangements benefit the deaf in small group classes.
Environmental awareness is the ultimate goal of eco-literacy initiatives.
Evaluation assesses the effectiveness of academic programs.
Formative assessments support learning without the pressure of grades.
Graphs are used to develop students' spatial skills.
Racial and political discrimination affect the social standing of African Americans in certain regions.
Perennialism focuses on teaching through classic literature.
Social advocacy aims to uplift societal issues.
Mass migration is often a result of wars and armed conflicts.
Observable and measurable evidence forms the basis of objective truth in empirical studies.
A clear distinction between right and wrong is crucial for understanding morality.
Schools are perceived as nurseries for nurturing young minds as future citizens.
Article 15 of the 1973 constitution addresses special education provisions.
Article 14 of the 1987 constitution also relates to special education.
Sunrays are not part of the national flag's colors.
Simultaneity refers to multiple concurrent activities happening in a classroom.
Social integration impacts learners' social behavior through peer grouping.
Assessment involves monitoring students' progress in their learning journey.
Measurement quantifies the progress of students.
Textbook reading assignments do not exemplify active learning principles in student-centered instruction.
Classroom management focuses on resolving disruptive behavior effectively.
Stimulus response is downplayed by Gestalt theorists.
Behaviorism emphasizes learning through imitation.

Intensive Professional Education

Tibetan Projective Exams consist of three parts across three categories.
Projective tests, such as the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test, reveal emotional and psychological perspectives through imagery.
The Sentence Completion Test uncovers individual thoughts through unfinished statements.
Sociometric tests map relationships among students, identifying types such as 'star student' and 'isolate/withdrawn.'
Subjective assessments gauge opinions while objective assessments measure factual knowledge.
Authentic or alternative assessments demonstrate performance-based learning.

Types of Essay and Exam

Restrictive essays require a single, objective answer.
Extended essays allow for subjective interpretations with multiple possible answers.
Select-type exams offer choices, such as multiple-choice and matching types.
Supply-type exams require direct responses without given choices, including completion, short answer, and essay styles.
Debates involve two groups arguing pros and cons, can include audience presentations or performances.

Objective Assessment

Robert Mager highlights four components in objectives: condition, audience, performance, and criteria.
Validity ensures assessments measure what they are designed to evaluate.
Reliability refers to the consistency of assessment results, established through various methods like test-retest and parallel testing.