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Questions and Answers
What are the three types of souls according to the philosophy discussed?
What are the three types of souls according to the philosophy discussed?
Which philosopher is associated with the concept of knowing oneself?
Which philosopher is associated with the concept of knowing oneself?
According to St. Augustine, what is considered the ultimate source of truth and goodness?
According to St. Augustine, what is considered the ultimate source of truth and goodness?
What philosophical approach did Rene Descartes introduce?
What philosophical approach did Rene Descartes introduce?
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Which quote reflects St. Augustine's belief regarding evil?
Which quote reflects St. Augustine's belief regarding evil?
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What is the ultimate goal of life, according to philosophical discourse?
What is the ultimate goal of life, according to philosophical discourse?
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In the allegory of Phaedrus, which part of the soul is represented by the charioteer?
In the allegory of Phaedrus, which part of the soul is represented by the charioteer?
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What does the term 'Res Cogitans' refer to in Descartes' philosophy?
What does the term 'Res Cogitans' refer to in Descartes' philosophy?
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What does Descartes mean by 'Cogito, ergo sum'?
What does Descartes mean by 'Cogito, ergo sum'?
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According to Plato, what is the primary distinction between the mind and the body?
According to Plato, what is the primary distinction between the mind and the body?
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What does Tabula rosa signify in John Locke's philosophy?
What does Tabula rosa signify in John Locke's philosophy?
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What is the concept of 'Noumena' according to the content provided?
What is the concept of 'Noumena' according to the content provided?
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What role does the Pineal Gland play according to Descartes?
What role does the Pineal Gland play according to Descartes?
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What is the implication of Sensible Intuition in philosophical thought?
What is the implication of Sensible Intuition in philosophical thought?
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What does the Memory Theory suggest regarding an individual's self?
What does the Memory Theory suggest regarding an individual's self?
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Which statement best describes John Locke's view on knowledge acquisition?
Which statement best describes John Locke's view on knowledge acquisition?
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What complex describes a male's attraction to his mother and rivalry with his father?
What complex describes a male's attraction to his mother and rivalry with his father?
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Which element of the psyche is responsible for balancing the demands of the Id according to Ryle's ideas?
Which element of the psyche is responsible for balancing the demands of the Id according to Ryle's ideas?
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What term is used to define Ryle's view of the mind, suggesting it is shaped by behaviors and experiences?
What term is used to define Ryle's view of the mind, suggesting it is shaped by behaviors and experiences?
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According to Ryle, what is the primary function of the Superego?
According to Ryle, what is the primary function of the Superego?
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What does Thanatos refer to in psychological terms?
What does Thanatos refer to in psychological terms?
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Which psychological principle states that our perception of the world reflects our actions and interactions with others?
Which psychological principle states that our perception of the world reflects our actions and interactions with others?
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What does the Castration Complex refer to in psychological development?
What does the Castration Complex refer to in psychological development?
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Which philosopher's views support the relationship between mind and body in terms of perception?
Which philosopher's views support the relationship between mind and body in terms of perception?
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What does the Bundle Theory suggest about the self?
What does the Bundle Theory suggest about the self?
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According to Freud, which stage comes after the Oral stage in his psychosexual development theory?
According to Freud, which stage comes after the Oral stage in his psychosexual development theory?
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What aspect of human experience do Hume and Kant both emphasize in understanding the self?
What aspect of human experience do Hume and Kant both emphasize in understanding the self?
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Which of the following statements about the self is NOT a key aspect in the content?
Which of the following statements about the self is NOT a key aspect in the content?
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What term describes the view that our feelings and behaviors are merely one aspect of our identity?
What term describes the view that our feelings and behaviors are merely one aspect of our identity?
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In Freud's theory, which type of person may develop due to strict training during the Anal stage?
In Freud's theory, which type of person may develop due to strict training during the Anal stage?
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What does Immanuel Kant's theory of Transcendental Apperception pertain to?
What does Immanuel Kant's theory of Transcendental Apperception pertain to?
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What is suggested by the phrase 'The child is the father of the man' in the context of Freud's theory?
What is suggested by the phrase 'The child is the father of the man' in the context of Freud's theory?
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Study Notes
Philosophy
- Mother of all disciplines, all fields of study started as philosophical discourse
- Focuses on the soul and body, which has 3 types: appetitive, rational, and spirited
- Phaedrus, the charioteer = rational soul
- Black horse = appetitive soul
- White horse = spirited soul
- The study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking to answer questions about the nature and existence of man.
- A unified being essentially connected to consciousness, awareness, and rational thinking
- Refers to the complete and whole person
Socrates (Knowing Thyself)
- Focused on oneself
- Created the Socratic method
- Key attributes: humility and intellectual honesty
- Happiness (Eudaemonia) is life's goal.
- An examined life is not worth living
- Married Xanthippe, known for her argumentative nature
Plato (Soul and Body)
- Father of the Academy
- Self-understanding and wisdom
- Division of soul and body
St. Augustine (Faith in God)
- Says that God is the ultimate relationship and faith is a must, the ultimate source of truth and goodness
- God is always with us
- Evil stems from free will given by God to humans.
- Moral discipline is needed to prevent becoming evil.
- Introduced the Trinity as one God (Trinity)
Rene Descartes (Mind and Body)
- Father of Modern Philosophy
- Modern Dualism (Cartesian Method)
- Res Cogitans (mind) – not physical
- Res Extensa (body) – physical
- Cogito, ergo sum (I think, therefore I am)- focuses on mind and body, which are distinct
- Emphasizes that constant questioning of one's existence proves that a person exists
- The mind is responsible for thoughts and does not have a physical entity
- The body possesses tangible parts
- Mind and body interact in the Pineal Gland
David Hume (Collection of Experiences)
- Focused on skepticism and empiricism
- The self is a collection of experiences, impressions, and perceptions
- Bundle Theory - self is a collection of perceptions, experiences, and sensations
- Self is ever changing
Immanuel Kant (Intuition & Transcendental Apperception)
- What makes us who we are is made up of experiences and feelings
- Our feelings and behaviors are part of us
- Grounded in empiricism
Sigmund Freud (Childhood)
- Father of psychoanalysis.
- The child is the father of the man.
- Psychoanalytic stages: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
- Oral (Birth-18 months), Anal (18 months-3 years), Phallic (3-6 years), Latency (7-12 years), and Genital (12+ years).
- Conscious, pre-conscious, and unconscious
Gilbert Ryle (Behaviors)
- Knowing how (practical knowledge and skill)
- Knowing that (propositional knowledge and understanding facts)
- The way we act can tell a lot about our personalities
Paul Churchland
- Movement of mind and body.
- The mental state represents identical neurological responses in the brain.
- Eliminative materialism eliminates faux psychology
Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty
- Phenomenology of Perception (unity of the mind and body)
St. Thomas Aquinas
- Explained the composition of Man (matter and form)
- God is the center to find happiness
- Will and intellect
- Ultimately oriented towards unity with God
- The soul animates the body; what makes humans human
Support for David Hume
- Follows Gestalt psychology
- Our perception of the world is connected to our actions
- Our self is tied to connections and relationships with others, not parts
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Description
Explore the foundations of philosophy from the Socratic method of self-examination to Plato's views on the soul and body, culminating in St. Augustine's faith in God. This quiz covers the essential teachings and contributions of these pivotal philosophers. Delve into the nature of knowledge, existence, and the pursuit of happiness in life.
