Philosophy Overview and Branches

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Questions and Answers

The study of the nature and scope of knowledge and justified belief is known as ______.

episteme

The intellectual life of Greece moved to Croton in southern Italy after the decline of Ionia due to Persian conquests.

True (A)

What are the four main types of knowledge exploration in the provided text?

Episteme, Ethics, Logic, and Theology

Which of the following is NOT a basic question explored in the study of Ethics?

What is the correct reasoning? (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

Episteme = Study of the principles and criteria of a valid argument Logos = Study of the rightness and wrongness of a human action Ethos = Custom or character Theology = Study of the nature and scope of knowledge and justified belief Signup and view all the answers

What does the Greek word 'logos' signify in the context of Logic?

science of correct thinking Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Aristotle's 'Nicomachean Ethics'?

A theory of happiness and how to achieve it (A) Signup and view all the answers

The study of Ethics is a static discipline that does not evolve with changes in socio-cultural and political contexts.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Greek word that "ethos" originates from?

custom (B) Signup and view all the answers

Ethics is the same as morality.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Ethics is a ______ study of the underlying principle of morality.

systematic Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between ethics and morality?

Ethics is the study of morality, while morality is the practice of right and wrong in human actions. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Normative Ethics = Seeks to establish guidelines or theories about how we ought to behave Philosophic Wonder = A feeling of perplexity that leads to philosophical inquiry. Thales = The first philosopher in Western history, known for his contributions to science and philosophy. Signup and view all the answers

Immanuel Kant's claim that an act is morally right if it is done for the sake of duty is an example of descriptive ethics.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of understanding the origin of philosophy?

It helps us understand the motivations and key questions that led to the development of philosophical inquiry. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic question of ethics?

What is the importance of ethics in society? (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of ethical inquiry aims to understand the nature and dynamics of ethical principles?

Metaethics (D) Signup and view all the answers

Casuists are concerned with individual moral problems.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of business ethics?

Ethical behavior in the corporate world. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of metaphysics in philosophy?

The study of beings and their ultimate causes (D) Signup and view all the answers

The term 'Theodicy' is derived from the written work titled _____ .

Théodicée Signup and view all the answers

The word 'philosophy' is derived from Greek words meaning 'time' and 'study'.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the fields of ethics with their respective focus:

Business ethics = Ethical behavior in the corporate world Biomedical ethics = Issues relating to health and welfare Environmental ethics = Responsibility towards the environment Social ethics = Regulating corporate welfare within societies Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is associated with the statement 'Killing is wrong because it violates the basic ethical principles'?

Non-maleficence (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who is Karl Jaspers?

A German existential philosopher. Signup and view all the answers

The term 'cosmology' is related to the origin and dynamics of the _____ world.

universe Signup and view all the answers

The moral issue on abortion can be fully understood within Metaethics.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following branches of philosophy with their descriptions:

Metaphysics = Study of beings in their ultimate causes Psychology/Anthropology = Study of the nature and dynamics of the human person Signup and view all the answers

What does 'immoral' refer to?

One who is bad and does what is wrong. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic questions of metaphysics?

What is the nature of the human person? (D) Signup and view all the answers

The basic material of which the world is formed is a fundamental question for philosophy.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of wisdom in the context of philosophy?

Correct application of knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of voluntariness is characterized by an agent's wish to do something other than what they are actually doing?

Conditional voluntariness (B) Signup and view all the answers

Direct voluntariness is the result of a previously elicited and unrevoked intention.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of habitual voluntariness?

Receiving baptism in an unconscious state after making an intention to be baptized earlier. Signup and view all the answers

The act of washing the dishes with a desire to watch TV illustrates __________ voluntariness.

conditional Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of voluntariness with its definition:

Direct voluntariness = Act willed in itself Indirect voluntariness = Foreseen result of another act Conditional voluntariness = Act done with a disliked intention Habitual voluntariness = Based on a previously made intention Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a human act that is directly willed?

Voluntary in se (D) Signup and view all the answers

Interpretative voluntariness is defined as the voluntariness that is always present in all human acts.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the example given, what is the father's intention when killing the rabbit?

To achieve the end of having dinner. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'Intention' in the context of human acts?

The purposive tendency of the will towards a realizable thing (D) Signup and view all the answers

Consent involves the selection of the specific means necessary to carry out an intention.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a human act to be considered human?

Knowledge Signup and view all the answers

The first tendency of the will towards a thing, whether realizable or not, is called a _____

wish Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of human acts with their definitions:

Knowledge = Essential for deliberation in acts Freedom = Ability to choose between alternatives Consent = Acceptance of means to achieve intention Election = Selection of specific means Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to when human acts are in agreement with the dictates of reason?

Good (C) Signup and view all the answers

A human act is possible without the element of freedom.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Election' refer to in the context of human acts?

Selection of the precise means to achieve an intention Signup and view all the answers

When human acts are in opposition to right reason, they are termed _____

evil Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Philosophy

Philosophy is the love of wisdom, a strong desire to possess knowledge and use it correctly.

Major Branches of Philosophy

1. Metaphysics

Originates from Greek words "meta" (beyond) and "physika" (physical/nature).
Studies concepts beyond the physical, things not directly experienced.
Foundation of philosophy; encompasses concepts like God, freedom, and the soul.
Subdivided into general metaphysics (ontology) which studies being and the first principles of all things, and special metaphysics, which includes cosmology (origin, dynamics, and order of the world), psychology (nature and dynamics of the human person), natural theology (study of God), and aesthetics (study of beauty).

2. Epistemology

From Greek words "episteme" (knowledge) and "logos" (study).
Studies the nature and scope of knowledge and justified belief.
Explores questions like: What is knowledge? How is knowledge acquired? What are the limits of knowledge?

3. Logic

From the Greek word "logos" (science of correct thinking).
Examines the principles and criteria of valid arguments.
Distinguishes sound (good) reasoning from unsound (bad) reasoning.

4. Ethics

From the Greek word "ethos" (custom/habit), a branch of philosophy concerned with the rightness/wrongness of human actions.
Studies the morality of human actions; tries to define right conduct and the good life.
Includes normative ethics (developing norms/standards for behavior), and metaethics (analyzing the meaning and justification of morality).

Cosmology

Studies the world or universe, including its origin, dynamics, laws, and order.

Psychology/Anthropology

Studies the nature and dynamics of the human person as a whole.
Examines the functioning of the human mind and behavior.

Natural Theology/Theodicy

Studies the nature of God and the justification of God's existence.
Addresses the existence of evil in the world if/when God exists.

Aesthetics

Study of beauty.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of philosophy, including its definition as the love of wisdom and its major branches like metaphysics, epistemology, and logic. This quiz will help you understand the foundations of philosophical inquiry and the questions that drive human understanding.

Philosophy Overview and Branches

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Podcast

Questions and Answers

The study of the nature and scope of knowledge and justified belief is known as ______.

The intellectual life of Greece moved to Croton in southern Italy after the decline of Ionia due to Persian conquests.

What are the four main types of knowledge exploration in the provided text?

Which of the following is NOT a basic question explored in the study of Ethics?

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

What does the Greek word 'logos' signify in the context of Logic?

What is the main focus of Aristotle's 'Nicomachean Ethics'?

The study of Ethics is a static discipline that does not evolve with changes in socio-cultural and political contexts.

What is the Greek word that "ethos" originates from?

Ethics is the same as morality.

Ethics is a ______ study of the underlying principle of morality.

What is the main difference between ethics and morality?

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Immanuel Kant's claim that an act is morally right if it is done for the sake of duty is an example of descriptive ethics.

What is the importance of understanding the origin of philosophy?

Which of the following is NOT a basic question of ethics?

What type of ethical inquiry aims to understand the nature and dynamics of ethical principles?

Casuists are concerned with individual moral problems.

What is the primary focus of business ethics?

What is the primary focus of metaphysics in philosophy?

The term 'Theodicy' is derived from the written work titled _____ .

The word 'philosophy' is derived from Greek words meaning 'time' and 'study'.

Match the fields of ethics with their respective focus:

Which principle is associated with the statement 'Killing is wrong because it violates the basic ethical principles'?

Who is Karl Jaspers?

The term 'cosmology' is related to the origin and dynamics of the _____ world.

The moral issue on abortion can be fully understood within Metaethics.

Match the following branches of philosophy with their descriptions:

What does 'immoral' refer to?

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic questions of metaphysics?

The basic material of which the world is formed is a fundamental question for philosophy.

What is the essence of wisdom in the context of philosophy?

Which type of voluntariness is characterized by an agent's wish to do something other than what they are actually doing?

Direct voluntariness is the result of a previously elicited and unrevoked intention.

What is an example of habitual voluntariness?

The act of washing the dishes with a desire to watch TV illustrates __________ voluntariness.

Match the type of voluntariness with its definition:

What is the term for a human act that is directly willed?

Interpretative voluntariness is defined as the voluntariness that is always present in all human acts.

In the example given, what is the father's intention when killing the rabbit?

Which of the following best describes 'Intention' in the context of human acts?

Consent involves the selection of the specific means necessary to carry out an intention.

What is required for a human act to be considered human?

The first tendency of the will towards a thing, whether realizable or not, is called a _____

Match the components of human acts with their definitions:

Which term refers to when human acts are in agreement with the dictates of reason?

A human act is possible without the element of freedom.

What does 'Election' refer to in the context of human acts?

When human acts are in opposition to right reason, they are termed _____

Study Notes

Philosophy

Major Branches of Philosophy

1. Metaphysics

2. Epistemology

3. Logic

4. Ethics

Cosmology

Psychology/Anthropology

Natural Theology/Theodicy

Aesthetics

Studying That Suits You

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