Philosophy of Values and Goods

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does the term 'mahal' imply in the context of love in the Pilipino language?

A sentiment of passion

A form of affection

A sense of esteem or high value (correct)

An emotional attachment to someone

Which rank corresponds to the lowest in the hierarchy of values according to the provided content?

Spiritual Values

Vital Values

Holy Values

Sensory Values (correct)

What differentiates a good deed from an evil deed in the hierarchy of values?

It relates to personal growth

It is based on societal norms

It satisfies personal desires

It prefers a higher value over a lower value (correct)

How does the Western tradition typically view philosophy?

As a pursuit of wisdom Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'darsana' imply in the context of Eastern philosophy?

A comprehensive awareness of the truth Signup and view all the answers

What is the moral implication of evil in the hierarchy of values?

It degrades humanity by preferring lower values Signup and view all the answers

How is the act of philosophizing perceived in common usage?

As a theoretical exercise without depth Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of spiritual values in the hierarchy of values?

Link to concepts of justice and beauty Signup and view all the answers

How do values differ from goods?

Goods are subjective and variable, while values are objective and immutable. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a person fails to respond to a value?

The value remains intact, but the person is diminished. Signup and view all the answers

What role do values play in guiding human behavior?

They act as instigators of action and standards for conduct. Signup and view all the answers

How are values described in relation to human experience?

Values manifest through the individual's capacity to transcend nature. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the 'universality of values'?

Values influence the entirety of human life and obligations. Signup and view all the answers

What do values create regarding human obligations?

They establish a framework for ethical behavior and ideals. Signup and view all the answers

What philosophical perspective does Max Scheler emphasize regarding the value of the person?

The spirit of a person transcends nature and autonomy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of values?

Values can be quantitatively assessed for effectiveness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of the term 'cheh' in the context of philosophy?

It is a measure of aligning words with deeds. Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher associates the beginning of philosophizing with doubt?

Descartes Signup and view all the answers

According to Gabriel Marcel, what is the focus of secondary reflection in philosophy?

The mystery of existence as a problem. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'kahulugan' signify in the context of philosophizing?

The process of finding meaning or integration. Signup and view all the answers

What role does justice play in the philosopher's responsibilities?

It requires an understanding of the totality of human experience. Signup and view all the answers

How does philosophy serve as an awakening force according to the discussion?

By stimulating critical thoughts and reflections. Signup and view all the answers

What does the integrative function of philosophy encourage individuals to become?

Moral persons with integrity and unity in their actions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between philosophy and the human experience?

Philosophy aims to provide a comprehensive vision of human experiences. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Values and Goods

Values qualify life and are objective and immutable
Goods, on the other hand, are subject to change and individual preference.

Immutability of Values

Values, especially higher values, call upon the person to act according to them.
Failing to act on a value destroys the person, not the value itself.
Justice as a value necessitates being just.

The Ambiguity of Values

Values are immaterial and define our life's quality.
They act as instigators of action, prospects for commitment, and standards of behavior.
Values represent criteria for aesthetic appreciation and economic utility.

Universality of Values

A value presents itself as a goal, and upon reaching it, gives way to another demand.
Values form a horizon for life, generating an ought-to-be and ought-to-do.
They ground our obligations, beliefs, ideals, and attitudes, without being identical to them.

Experiencing Values

Values are experienced through human beings and their capacity for self-determination.
The human being, as a person, transcends nature and can direct their own life.

The Uniqueness of Human Acts

Three acts uniquely characterize the human person:
- Hsueh (learning)
- The act of reflection and making oneself the object of thinking
- The act of ideation or abstracting an essence from existence
- The act of loving

The Beginning of Philosophizing

It can start with wonder, doubt, or a sense of helplessness.
Philosophizing arises from the human condition as openness to reality and responsibility.
It's engaging with the mystery of being and searching for meaning.

Meaning of Sagehood in Eastern Tradition

Philosophy is the pursuit of harmony with oneself, nature, others, and God.

Philosopher as Lover of Justice and Peace

Justice involves a vision of the totality of situations and respect for human dignity.
Peacemaking reconciles conflicting forces within and outside oneself.

The Value of Philosophy

Philosophy awakens us from spiritual slumber and our take-for-granted attitude.
It sensitizes us to holistic, critical, and evaluative reflection.
Philosophy attempts to see the totality of human experience, providing a vision.
It invites us to be integrative, urging us to be moral persons of integrity.

Integrative Function of Philosophy

Philosophy does not impose, but arises from the freedom of the philosopher as a human being.
It urges us to be persons of integrity, where speech, feelings, thinking, and action are aligned.

Love and Hatred

They are movements of the heart towards values.
Love directs us to higher values, while hatred directs us to lower ones.

Hierarchy of Values

Values are organized in a hierarchy:
- Sensory Values (pleasant/unpleasant, technical, luxury)
- Vital Values (noble/vulgar, civilization)
- Spiritual Values (justice/injustice, truth/falsehood, beauty/ugliness)
- The highest values are the holy and unholy.
Spiritual and holy values refer to our being a person or spirit.

Moral Values

Good and evil are realized through actions.
A deed is good if it prefers a higher value over a lower one.
A deed is evil if it prefers a lower value over a higher one.

The Value of Philosophy (Western)

The Western tradition associates philosophy with wisdom.
Pamimilosopo can also refer to pedantry and a narrow focus on concepts.
To philosophize originally meant passionately seeking wisdom and loving it.

Eastern View of Philosophy

The Hindu word for philosophy is "darsana," meaning "to see" with one's whole being.
The Chinese tradition calls it "cheh-hsueh."

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the concepts of values and goods in this quiz, focusing on their immutable nature, the ambiguity of values, and their universality. Understand how values influence actions and the essence of life quality through a philosophical lens.