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Questions and Answers
Which philosopher is known for the idea that the soul exists in the realm of ideas before the body?
What is the primary focus of Aristotle's philosophy regarding the self?
What concept did Plato introduce that differentiates between the ideal and material world?
According to St. Augustine, what are the two aspects of man's nature?
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What does 'Philosophy' literally derive from?
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What is the essence of a living being according to Thomas Aquinas?
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Which philosopher is known for the phrase 'I think, therefore I am'?
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According to John Locke, what is a significant factor in determining a person's identity?
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What does the Bundle Theory, proposed by David Hume, emphasize?
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Which drives govern man according to Sigmund Freud?
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What is the concept of 'Kapwa' in Filipino psychology?
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What type of social group is described as being naturally occurring and influenced by family?
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Which stage in Mead's theory of self-development involves role-playing?
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What does Gilbert Ryle argue about the concept of the self?
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Modernization affects self-identity by which of the following factors?
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Study Notes
Understanding the Self
- The self comprises various dimensions: physical, sexual, material/economic, spiritual, political, and digital.
- Philosophy's key inquiry: “Know thyself”.
- The self serves as the primary companion in life.
- Concepts of self include personal identity, aspirations, societal roles, and potential.
Philosophical Perspectives on the Self
- Philosophy derives from Greek terms: Philia (love) and Sophia (wisdom).
- Ancient Greek philosophers Socrates and Plato explored the complexities of the self.
Socrates
- Emphasized dualism: body and soul are distinct entities.
- Introduced the Socratic Approach to self-examination.
- Notable quotes: “An unexamined life is not worth living” and “I know that I know nothing”.
- Proposed existence of a soul prior to embodiment in the material world.
Plato
- Established the Academy, a prototype of modern universities.
- Differentiated between the ideal world (World of Forms) and the material world.
- Identified three components of the soul: Rational, Spirited, and Appetitive.
Aristotle
- Argued that body and soul are inseparable; the soul is the essence of a person.
- Asserts that the soul cannot exist independently of the body.
St. Augustine
- Describes human nature as bifurcated: imperfect yet aspiring towards immortality.
- Stresses the goal of achieving communion with the divine.
St. Thomas Aquinas
- Proposed that man consists of matter (hyle) and form (morpe).
- Matter relates to physical substance; form reflects living essence.
René Descartes
- Introduced "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am).
- Known as the Father of Modern Philosophy.
- Engaged in hyperbolical doubt about the existence of the physical body.
John Locke
- Suggested identity is not confined to mind, soul, or body, but includes memory.
- Defined identity through psychological continuity over life stages.
- Introduced the concept of Tabula Rasa (blank slate).
David Hume
- Asserted that all knowledge originates from sensory experience.
- Developed Bundle Theory, positing the self as a collection of impressions.
- Differentiated between vivid impressions and ideas as copies of impressions.
Sigmund Freud
- Claimed that “the ego is not master in its own house”.
- Identified two primary drives: Eros (life) and Thanatos (death).
- Proposed a structure of the mind: Id, Ego, and Superego.
Gilbert Ryle
- Denied the existence of an internal, non-physical self.
- Suggested the self is a term for all observable behaviors.
Merleau-Ponty
- Argued against dualistic views, emphasizing the inseparability of mind and body.
Kapwa: Filipino Psychology
- Central value in Filipino culture; distinguishes between two types: Ibang Tao (strangers) and Hindi Ibang Tao (close relationships).
Societal Influence
- Explores how society shapes individual identity through norms, beliefs, and values.
- Sociology examines the reciprocal relationship between society and self-identity.
Filipino Values in Sikolohiyang Pilipino
- Emphasizes values such as Hiya (shame), Utang na loob (debt of gratitude), Pakiramdam (sensitivity), Pakikisama (cooperation), Kagandahang-loob (kindness), and Kapwa (shared identity).
Impact of Modernization
- Modernization influences self-identity development significantly.
- Key characteristics include industrialism, capitalism, institutional surveillance, and dynamism.
Social Groups and Networks
- Social groups: two or more individuals interacting with shared characteristics.
- Social networks: connections that link individuals within groups.
Stages of Self-Development (Mead)
- Language: critical for expression and comprehension.
- Play: involves role-playing and understanding others' perspectives.
- Game: incorporates societal rules into self-perception.
- Views the self as an active process shaped by social interactions.
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Description
Explore the complex dimensions of the self through philosophical perspectives from Socrates and Plato. This quiz delves into the historical inquiries of personal identity, the dualism of body and soul, and the foundational concepts introduced by ancient philosophers. Test your knowledge on the essence of self-examination and the distinctions between ideal and material realms.
