Philosophy of Social Justice

What do sufficiency principles require in terms of resource distribution?

Minimizing the aggregate shortfall of resources
Each person to have a certain level of resources (correct)
Equality of resources for all individuals
Maximizing the resources for the most advantaged

What is a limitation of sufficiency principles in terms of resource distribution?

They are not applicable to social and economic inequalities
They do not provide guidance on what to do with surplus resources (correct)
They are based on comparative justice
They prioritize the most advantaged

What is the main concern of the difference principle in Rawls' theory of social justice?

Maximizing the resources for the most advantaged
Minimizing the aggregate shortfall of resources
Ensuring each person has a certain level of resources
Arranging social and economic inequalities to benefit the least advantaged (correct)

What is a potential critique of a theory of justice that contains only the sufficiency principle?

It is incomplete and lacks guidance for surplus resources (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Frankfurt's work, as mentioned in the text?

Defending sufficiency principles in general, not specifically linked to justice (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of supplementing sufficiency principles with other principles?

To guide decisions in situations where there are too few resources (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does luck egalitarianism often lead to according to Cohen?

A distribution flecked by luck (D) Signup and view all the answers

What value can collide with justice?

Equality (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is social equality best understood as?

A property of relationships within a society (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe those who value equality for reasons other than distributive justice?

Relational egalitarians (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the contrast to a society of equals?

A society with social hierarchy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can be valued independently of justice?

Equality (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does Hayek consider 'meaningless' in the context of distribution?

Speaking of social justice as an ideal standard of distribution (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the attitude of conceptions of justice that posit ideal principles of distribution?

They refuse to acknowledge existing law or practice (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ideal justice in relation to existing institutions and practices?

To reform existing institutions and assess their justice (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does Rawls stress about the application of his principles of justice?

That they should consider people's existing claims (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of currency in the context of ideal principles of distribution?

It determines the respect in which justice requires equal distribution (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Hayek's view and conceptions of justice that posit ideal principles?

Hayek considers social justice meaningless, while the others consider it meaningful (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of relational egalitarianism?

Creating a society of equals (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of relational egalitarianism?

It does not address issues of distribution directly (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Justinian's 'suum cuique' formula?

It captures the formal elements of justice (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do relational egalitarians object to large income differences?

Because they create a divided society (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between relational egalitarianism and theories of justice?

Relational egalitarianism provides an alternative account of why we should care about limiting material inequality (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of justice theorists?

To criticize undeserved inequalities (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do most claims of desert get discounted?

Because they are based on innate characteristics (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in reconciling justice as equality and justice as desert?

Justifying equal treatment in the face of inequalities of desert (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental principle of justice according to Dworkin?

A principle of equal concern and respect for persons (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why does Dworkin believe that equal resources should be devoted to the life of each member of society?

Because it shows persons equal respect and concern (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relational aspect of Dworkin's view of justice?

It only applies to individuals within sovereign states (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of showing persons equal respect in terms of treatment?

It sometimes requires equal treatment despite relevant grounds for discrimination (D) Signup and view all the answers