Philosophy of Science in Psychology

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Questions and Answers

Which form of psychology is focused on real-world application of scientific knowledge?

Popular Psychology

Professional Psychology (correct)

Academic Psychology

Experimental Psychology

Who is associated with the concept of falsificationism in the philosophy of science?

Imre Lakatos

Thomas Kuhn

Paul Feyerabend

Karl Popper (correct)

What term is used to describe psychology that reflects public interest and beliefs about behavior?

Public Psychology (correct)

Scientific Psychology

Professional Psychology

Academic Psychology

Which philosopher is known for the work 'The Structure of Scientific Revolutions'?

Thomas Kuhn Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of epistemology in the context of psychology?

Theory of knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three forms of psychology mentioned?

Experimental Psychology Signup and view all the answers

What does Lakatos suggest is the primary measure of a research program's success?

Its capacity to generate novel predictions Signup and view all the answers

Imre Lakatos is known for which of the following contributions to the philosophy of science?

Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher is known for advocating an anarchistic view of science?

Paul Feyerabend Signup and view all the answers

Which of these philosophers argued against traditional methods in science?

Paul Feyerabend Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between Lakatos and Kuhn?

Lakatos criticized Kuhn's philosopher but did not reject it Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of scientific method does Feyerabend challenge in his works?

The presence of universal methodological rules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following philosophers did Lakatos overlap with in his academic career?

Paul Feyerabend and Thomas Kuhn Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between induction and deduction as described?

Induction involves deriving general principles from specific instances, while deduction infers specific instances from general principles. Signup and view all the answers

According to Kuhn's theory, what typically prompts a 'paradigm shift' in science?

Accumulated anomalies that cannot be explained by the existing paradigm. Signup and view all the answers

What does Thomas Kuhn mean by 'incommensurable paradigms'?

Competing paradigms that cannot be directly compared due to differing principles. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the role of anomalies in Kuhn's view of scientific progress?

Accumulated anomalies challenge the existing paradigm and can instigate shifts. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the periods of 'normal science' in Kuhn's theory?

A prevalent acceptance of a singular paradigm within the scientific community. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criterion advocated by Popper that distinguishes empirical sciences from non-science?

Empirical falsification Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects Popper's views on scientific theories?

Theories should be scrutinized and can only be falsified. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the experiment conducted during the solar eclipse concerning Einstein's theory?

To test predictions regarding the deflection of light by gravity. Signup and view all the answers

How did Euler, Eddington, and Dyson interpret Newton's contribution to the light deflection predictions?

They associated him only with the half-deflection prediction. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of scientific theories did Popper's philosophy primarily challenge?

The reliance on empirical verification. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the solar eclipse experiment of 1919?

It tested Einstein's predictions about light's behavior in a gravitational field. Signup and view all the answers

What stage occurs after anomalies arise in Kuhn's model of scientific revolutions?

Scientific Crisis Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher sought to reconcile Popper's falsificationism with Kuhn's paradigms?

Imre Lakatos Signup and view all the answers

In Kuhn's framework, what is typically set aside when a paradigm is challenged by an anomaly?

Auxiliary assumptions Signup and view all the answers

What does normal science primarily involve according to Kuhn?

Solving puzzles within a shared framework Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage in Kuhn's model of scientific development?

Pre-science Signup and view all the answers

What typically results from a scientific revolution according to Kuhn?

A paradigm shift that better accommodates relevant facts Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the 'crisis' phase in Kuhn's structure of scientific discovery?

Increasing doubt about the validity of the current paradigm Signup and view all the answers

Lakatos’s approach to scientific methodology emphasizes which aspect?

Flexibility in modifying theoretical frameworks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Popper's thesis in scientific inquiry?

Falsifying theories and avoiding ad hoc explanations Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects Feyerabend's perspective on scientific methodology?

Scientific progress can be achieved through a variety of methods without strict rules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theorists is associated with the concept of 'normal science'?

Kuhn Signup and view all the answers

What critique did Feyerabend make against the established methodologies in science?

They hinder the creative process of scientific discovery Signup and view all the answers

In what way does Lakatos's view differ from Kuhn's regarding scientific progress?

Lakatos emphasizes competing research programs while Kuhn focuses on paradigm shifts Signup and view all the answers

Which development is cited as an example of a negative outcome in Popper's methodology?

The rejection of Freud's psychoanalytic theory Signup and view all the answers

What key critique is leveled against the Ptolemaic system in the context of scientific methodology?

It remained stagnant and resisted new evidence Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is associated with defending heliocentrism and is noted for using rhetorical methods?

Galileo Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

History of Psychology - Session 12

Session 12 focuses on the nature of psychology as a science

Session Schedule

Session dates, topics, instructors, slide links, and reading materials are listed
Each session covers different aspects of psychology, like pre-psychology, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and cognitive and decision science.

Learning Objectives for Today

Distinguishing various approaches to psychology (e.g., academic, professional, popular)
Understanding different epistemological positions (falsificationism, paradigm shifts)
Analyzing psychology's scientific methodology

Different Forms of Psychology

Psychology exists in three forms: academic/scientific, professional, and popular
Academic psychology is found in universities and colleges
Professional psychology uses scientific principles to address problems
Popular psychology encompasses public interest in behaviors and mental states

What is Epistemology?

Epistemology is a branch of philosophy dedicated to knowledge theories
It's crucial to psychology because it examines the nature of psychological knowledge

Epistemology and History of Science

Key figures and their works, like Karl Popper's The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934/1959) and Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962)
Other key figures include Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend

Exam Format and Information

The exam will consist of multiple-choice questions (30 questions in total)
Including specific question types, like A-type and K-type questions
Exam dates and locations are provided

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the key concepts of the philosophy of science as it relates to psychology. This quiz covers major figures, such as Lakatos and Kuhn, and their contributions to understanding scientific methods and real-world applications. Test your knowledge on various schools of thought and their implications in psychological research.