Philosophy of History in the Twentieth Century
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Questions and Answers

What was the main argument presented in Stalin's booklet on the Marxist philosophy of history?

  • Geographical environment has no influence on the development of society.
  • Geographical environment is the determining influence on the development of society.
  • Societal changes proceed at a slower rate than changes in geographical environment.
  • Geographical environment is an important but not determining influence on the development of society. (correct)

Based on the text, which statement best describes the Viconian argument?

  • Geographical environment plays a crucial role in societal development. (correct)
  • Geographical environment has no influence on societal development.
  • Societal changes proceed at a slower rate than changes in geographical environment.
  • Geographical environment is an important but not determining influence on societal development.

What is the significance of the changes and development of society proceeding at an incomparably faster rate than the changes and development of geographical environment, according to Stalin?

  • It suggests that societal development is independent of geographical conditions. (correct)
  • It indicates the determining influence of geographical conditions on societal development.
  • It proves that geographical conditions have no influence on societal development.
  • It highlights the constant and indispensable conditions of societal development.

How did Stalin and Braudel view the history of man's relationship to the environment?

<p>They believed it changed so slowly as to be almost timeless. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Stalin, what is the relationship between the changes in social systems and changes in geographical conditions in Europe?

<p>The changes in social systems are completely independent of changes in geographical conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Braudel's main objective in composing the book 'The Mediterranean'?

<p>To emphasize the cyclical nature of environmental changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What idea, now widespread in the literature on global warming, was not available to historians like Stalin and Braudel?

<p>The idea that environmental changes can sometimes reach a tipping point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Braudel's position differ from Stalin's regarding the environment?

<p>Braudel emphasized the cyclic nature of environmental changes, while Stalin viewed it as almost timeless. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the rise of environmental history in the late twentieth century contribute to the understanding of human beings?

<p>It narrowed down the binary of natural/human history. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant difference between environmental historians' understanding of human beings and the agency of humans?

<p>Environmental historians emphasized humans' role in shaping their environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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