Philosophy of Education and Humanism

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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of idealism in education?

Social reconstruction and community-based learning

Spirituality, values, and morals (correct)

Practical knowledge and problem-solving

Natural and observable facts

Which philosopher is associated with behaviorism?

John Dewey

Aristotle

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

B.F. Skinner (correct)

What does essentialism in education emphasize?

Understanding subjective experiences

Focusing on inherited values and societal norms

Achievement of certain knowledge and skills (correct)

Learning through experimentation and social interaction

Which educational philosophy promotes social change through education?

Reconstructionalism (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does progressivism primarily focus on in education?

Children's needs and interests in the curriculum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does existentialism emphasize regarding knowledge?

Knowledge is subjective and self-created (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which philosophical approach argues that knowledge is derived from sensory experience?

Empiricism (A) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of knowledge does philosophical analysis focus on?

Verifiability and correspondence to reality (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary conflict faced during the stage of Early Childhood according to Erikson?

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts describes a child's excessive attachment to their opposite-sex parent?

Oedipus complex (A) Signup and view all the answers

In Erikson's psychosocial theory, what dichotomy describes the outcomes of the Preschool stage?

Initiative vs. Guilt (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'maladaptation' refer to in Erikson's psychosocial stages?

Too much positive disposition (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the phallic stage in Freud's psychosexual development?

Sexual interest and genital stimulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'generativity' in Erikson's stages?

It is the virtue attained when crises are resolved. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to aggressive tendencies toward oneself or others, according to Freud?

Thanatos (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which stage do children experience the crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt?

Early Childhood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the pre-conventional level of moral development?

Obedience and punishment (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which quote emphasizes the importance of cultural, social, economic, and political elements in development?

Human development unfolds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the exosystem in Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory?

Larger societal influences that affect a child (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does Albert Bandura's social learning theory emphasize as a primary method of learning?

Observation and modeling (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of 'learning to do' as defined in the four pillars of learning?

Practicing technical skills for a profession (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which level of moral development includes the concept of maintaining interpersonal relationships?

Conventional (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which system do the direct interactions of a child with their family and friends occur?

Microsystem (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental goal of 'learning to know' in the four pillars of learning?

Developing learning strategies for lifelong education (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the most reliable measure of central tendency in the presence of extreme scores?

Median (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which measure is calculated by the highest score minus the lowest score?

Range (A) Signup and view all the answers

When the standard deviation is low, what can be inferred about the data?

Data points are homogenous and clustered near the mean (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of variance in statistical terms?

The square of the standard deviation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following divides a group into 100 ranks?

Percentile (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a difficulty index, what does a score between 0.21 and 0.40 represent?

Difficult (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does a positively skewed distribution imply about the mean relative to the mode?

Mean is greater than mode (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the plural of 'madam' in French?

Mesdames (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which author is known for writing the 'Doctrina Christiana'?

Fray Juan de Placencia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What principle allows legislators to impeach the president based on public trust?

Check and Balance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of a brick described as in the content?

Rectangle (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which figure is associated with the discovery of penicillin?

Alexander Fleming (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which theater is associated with Rolando Tinio?

Experimental Theater (D) Signup and view all the answers

What milestone does 'Pagbabagong anyo ng bayan' refer to?

Resettlement (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is an example of unicellular organisms?

Bacteria (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who was the speaker of the Philippine Assembly during the early 20th century?

Sergio Osmena (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Humanism and Education

Erasmus Desiderius is recognized as the Father of Humanism, emphasizing social aspects of human existence.
William H. Kilpatrick introduced the Project Method, focusing on practical learning experiences.

Philosophical Perspectives in Education

Idealism: Rooted in Plato; emphasizes spiritual values and moral reasoning through Socratic methods.
Realism: Established by Aristotle; concentrates on the natural world, suggesting that values are absolute and rooted in reality.
Empiricism: Championed by John Locke; posits that knowledge comes from sensory experiences.
Pragmatism: John Dewey's philosophy focuses on practical problem-solving and the idea that knowledge is based on what works.
Existentialism: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel emphasized the subjective nature of knowledge, where existence precedes essence.
Philosophical Analysis: George Edward Moore's approach asserts that reality is verifiable, aligning truth with reality.
Essentialism: William Bagley advocated that certain knowledge and skills are essential for rational individuals.
Perennialism: Robert Hutchins believed in education that endures through time, focusing on universally valid knowledge.
Progressivism: John Dewey's theory prioritizes child-centered learning and development based on interests.
Reconstructionalism: Theodore Brameld proposed that education should facilitate social change and rebuild the social order.
Behaviorism: John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner's theory suggests that learning is observed through changes in behavior (Stimulus-Response).
Structuralism: Wilhelm Wundt's approach analyzes complex mental experiences and their components.
Functionalism: William James, along with others like John Dewey, stressed the importance of motivation and cognition in learning.
Purposivism: Hormi's perspective highlights the significance of individual goals in the learning process.

Key Educational Theories

Naturalism: Views nature as superior and believes only the natural world exists.
Existentialism: Posits knowledge as subjective, arguing that individuals define their existence through choices.
Essentialism: Stresses mastery of core subjects like reading and writing for all students.
Progressivism: Centers around child development and interests, reshaping curricula to fit evolving needs.

Freud's Psychosexual Development

Stages include:
- Oral: Focus on thumb-sucking and biting.
- Anal: Involves toilet training and control over bodily functions.
- Phallic: Sexual interest and genital stimulation, introduces Oedipus and Electra complexes.
- Latency: Sexual urges are repressed.
- Genital: Adult sexual interests emerge.

Freud's Personality Dynamics

Life Instinct (Eros): Drives sex, nurturance, and social affiliations.
Death Instinct (Thanatos): Represents aggression towards self and others.

Erickson's Psychosocial Development

Emphasizes crises throughout life stages that promote personal development and integrity.
Key concepts include:
- Syntonic: Positive disposition in crisis.
- Dystonic: Negative disposition in crisis and maladaptation.
- Generativity: Concern for future generations.

Kohlberg's Levels of Moral Development

Pre-Conventional: Obedience and punishment orientation, individualism.
Conventional: Emphasizes interpersonal relationships and maintenance of social order.
Post-Conventional: Focuses on social contracts and universal principles.

Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory

Microsystem: Immediate environment like family and friends.
Mesosystem: Interconnections between different contexts.
Exosystem: Wider social systems affecting the individual indirectly.
Macrosystem: Broad societal influences.

Asserts that learning occurs through observation and modeling within social contexts.

Four Pillars of Learning

Learning to Know: Focuses on gaining knowledge and skills for lifelong learning.
Learning to Do: Develops vocational and social skills essential for professional practice.

Statistical Concepts

Median: Reliable measure of central tendency when extreme scores are present.
Standard Deviation: Indicates how spread out scores are from the mean; low SD indicates homogeneity.
Variance: The square of the standard deviation.

Educational and Cultural References

Queen Elizabeth: Known as the Virgin Queen, notable historical figure.
Helen of Troy: Mythological figure inspiring a thousand ships.
Experimental Theater: Rolando Tinio; a form emphasizing innovation in performance.

Miscellaneous Concepts

Blood Compact: Historic agreement between Legaspi and Datu Sikatuna.
Hinduism: Considered the oldest organized religion in Asia.
Folk Lore: Represents pre-Hispanic philosophy and cultural narratives.

Notable Figures

Sergio Osmeña: Speaker of the Philippine Assembly.
Manuel L. Quezon: Speaker of the Philippine Commission.
Nathaniel Hawthorne: Author of "The Scarlet Letter."

Conclusion Points

Each philosophical and educational theory contributes to understanding human development and learning.
Historical references highlight significant cultural and political contexts impacting education and society.

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Description

Explore the key philosophers and their contributions to educational philosophy, including major ideas from humanism, idealism, realism, and more. This quiz covers important figures such as Erasmus and John Dewey, along with different educational theories. Test your knowledge of the foundational concepts that shape modern education.