Philosophy: Know Thyself with Socrates

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Questions and Answers

What philosophical concept did Socrates emphasize with the phrase 'know thyself'?

Dualism of body and soul (correct)

Locke's theory of personal identity

Descartes' Cogito, ergo sum

Tabula rasa as the origin of knowledge

According to Plato, what is the immortal element of the self?

Psyche (correct)

Appetitive component

Rational/Mind component

Spirited component

Which philosopher proposed that self-realization and reaching immortality are key aspects of personal development?

St. Augustine (correct)

Locke

Descartes

Plato

What does St. Augustine identify as the two aspects of the self in his philosophy?

Imperfect earthly self and immortal self Signup and view all the answers

According to ancient Greek philosophers, what is necessary for a happy and meaningful life?

'The examined life' Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the soul, as described in Plato's philosophy, is associated with the pursuit of desires?

'Appetitive component' Signup and view all the answers

According to St. Augustine, where can man attain true and eternal happiness?

Only in God Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Locke include in his explanation of identity that goes beyond the mind or body?

Psychological connection through memory Signup and view all the answers

According to Descartes, what phrase best summarizes his perspective on existence?

I doubt, therefore I exist Signup and view all the answers

What did Hume believe all knowledge is derived from?

Human senses Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher proposed the concept of Tabula Rasa, suggesting that a person is born as a blank slate?

Locke Signup and view all the answers

What is the core idea behind Descartes' philosophy regarding the self?

'Cogito, ergo Sum' reflects self-awareness Signup and view all the answers

According to Ryle, how does he define the self?

A name used to refer to all behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher believed that 'I act, therefore I am; You are what you do'?

Churchland Signup and view all the answers

What concept does Kant synthesize from Descartes, Locke, and Hume?

The inner and outer self forming consciousness Signup and view all the answers

According to Merleau-Ponty, how does he view the relationship between mind and body?

They cannot be separated Signup and view all the answers

What does Churchland's eliminative materialism focus on?

Understanding the self through neuroscience Signup and view all the answers

How did Ancient and Medieval Times define self-examination?

Achieving perfection of the soul through introspection Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Socratic Philosophy

'Know thyself' emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and understanding one's own limitations and knowledge.

Plato's Views

The immortal element of the self, according to Plato, is the soul, which transcends physical existence.

Philosophers on Self-Realization

Self-realization and the pursuit of immortality are key aspects of personal development proposed by Aristotle.

St. Augustine's Philosophy

St. Augustine identifies two aspects of the self: the material and the spiritual or immaterial essence.

Happy Life According to Ancient Greeks

A happy and meaningful life requires virtue, wisdom, and the fulfillment of one's potential, as stressed by ancient Greek philosophers.

Plato's Soul Components

The component of the soul associated with the pursuit of desires is the Appetitive part, which is responsible for basic needs and desires.

True Happiness According to St. Augustine

St. Augustine argues that true and eternal happiness can be attained through a relationship with God.

Locke's Concept of Identity

Locke introduces the idea of personal identity being tied to consciousness, rather than just the physical body or mind.

Descartes' Perspective on Existence

"Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am) encapsulates Descartes' philosophy, asserting that thinking is the essence of existence.

Hume on Knowledge

Hume believes that all knowledge is derived from sensory experiences and impressions.

Tabula Rasa Concept

John Locke proposed the concept of Tabula Rasa, suggesting that individuals are born as blank slates, shaped by experience and environment.

Core Idea of Descartes' Philosophy

The core idea of Descartes' philosophy revolves around the dualism of mind and body, emphasizing the role of reason.

Ryle's Definition of Self

Gilbert Ryle defines the self as a collection of behaviors and dispositions, arguing that it is reflected in actions rather than a separate essence.

Action and Existence

"I act, therefore I am; You are what you do" captures the belief of several philosophers valuing action as central to identity.

Kant's Synthesis

Kant synthesizes concepts from Descartes, Locke, and Hume, leading to a comprehensive understanding of knowledge, identity, and existence.

Merleau-Ponty's View

Merleau-Ponty sees the relationship between mind and body as intertwined, emphasizing embodied experience in understanding existence.

Churchland's Eliminative Materialism

Churchland's eliminative materialism focuses on the idea that common-sense psychological concepts may not accurately represent mental states.

Self-Examination in Ancient and Medieval Times

Self-examination was defined as a critical reflection on one's thoughts and actions, seen as essential for moral and spiritual growth.

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Description

Delve into the philosophical exploration of the self with ancient Greek philosophers like Socrates and Plato. Discover the essence of 'know thyself' and the qualities that define the self.