Questions and Answers
According to Fr.Coppens (2017), human acts are those of which a man is ______ of doing or not doing as he pleases.
master
Actions committed by unconscious and insane persons, infants, or by those who are physically forced to do something, are not considered as human acts but ______ of man.
act
To know whether an individual human act is morally good, three things to consider are the object of the act, the ______ or purpose, and its circumstances.
end
For an individual human act to be good, its ______ must be free from all defect.
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The ______ of an act is the thing done.
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The ______ intended by the agent is the end of the workman or agent.
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The guiding rule is the ______ does not justify the means.
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The ______ of time, place, and persons have their part in determining the morality of an individual act.
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The moral character of an act may be so affected by attendant ______ that good in itself may be evil when accompanied by certain circumstances;
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A morally good act requires the goodness of the ______, of the end, and of the circumstances together;
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For an act to be good, all three determinants must be without flaw, according to the received axiom: “______ ex integracausa, malum ex quocumque defectu”;
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Says Fr.Coppens (2017): “When I perform a free act -- one which I am able to do or not to do, as I choose – the act is evidently ______ to me;
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For violation of government laws… People are held accountable directly to the ______, and indirectly to the people;
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Under Christian natural law ethics, ______ is deemed the author of the law, hence violators are accountable to God;
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For nontheistic morality, violators are accountable solely to ______;
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There are three bases for moral accountability, namely: 1.______ 2. 3;
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Study Notes
Human Act vs Act of Man
- Human acts are those that a person has the power to do or not do as they please.
- Acts of man are those that proceed from a person without their rational being, such as actions committed by unconscious, insane, or physically forced individuals.
- Acts of man also include involuntary actions that occur without the awareness of the mind or control of the will.
Determinants of the Morality of Human Act
- Three factors to consider when evaluating the morality of a human act:
- The object of the act
- The end or purpose
- The circumstances
- The object of an act must be good or at least indifferent to be considered morally good.
- Examples of good objects of acts include honoring one's parents, going to mass, saving human life, respecting others' rights and property, etc.
- The end or purpose of an act must not be bad, as a good object can be vitiated by a bad end.
- The end or purpose is the intention of the acting subject, and the guiding rule is that the end does not justify the means.
- The circumstances of time, place, and persons can affect the morality of an act, and good acts can be made evil by certain circumstances.
Accountability of Moral Act
- A human act is imputable to the person who performs it, meaning they are accountable for its moral implications.
- A free act, which is a human act, is imputable to the person who performs it, and they are entitled to praise or blame accordingly.
- There are three bases for moral accountability:
- Knowledge: the person must have knowledge of their act to be morally responsible.
- Voluntary: the person must have had the freedom to choose to perform the act.
- Intent: the person must have intended to perform the act.
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Description
Explore the concept of human acts and acts of man, including the distinction between rational and non-rational actions, and the role of free will and consciousness.
