Philosophy: Confucius and Aristotle
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Questions and Answers

According to Jeremy Bentham's Utilitarianism, what is the key principle that individuals should consider when making ethical decisions?

  • Prioritizing individual rights
  • Following religious doctrines
  • Maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain (correct)
  • Acting based on personal virtues
  • What does Bentham's 'Net Utility' concept primarily focus on?

  • The overall benefit or usefulness of an action (correct)
  • The intrinsic moral value of an action
  • The individual happiness derived from an action
  • The religious implications of an action
  • Which ethical philosophy is centered around the idea that morality is determined by the goodness and pleasure derived from actions?

  • Virtue Ethics
  • Existentialism
  • Deontology
  • Utilitarianism (correct)
  • What does the 'Hedonic Calculus' in Utilitarianism aim to do?

    <p>Evaluate the impact of actions on happiness and pleasure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Utilitarianism, why would stealing Dave's wallet filled with money go against the principle of 'Net Utility'?

    <p>It would decrease overall happiness in the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of decision-making guides a utilitarian according to the text?

    <p>Logic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central ethical question addressed by ancient Greeks?

    <p>How can one achieve ultimate happiness?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher viewed virtuosity as something to be taught and practiced?

    <p>Aristotle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept is associated with Aristotle's principle of the Golden Mean?

    <p>Excess vs. Deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aristotle, what is eudaimonia?

    <p>Achieving ultimate happiness through virtuous living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept emphasizes the idea that excellence is an art won by training and habituation?

    <p>Areté</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did ancient Greeks believe that living ethically was crucial?

    <p>To achieve eudaimonia or ultimate happiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Divine Command Theory, why is an action considered moral or immoral?

    <p>Solely because God commands it or prohibits it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher is associated with the concept of 'Areté'?

    <p>Socrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central idea behind Immanuel Kant's ethical philosophy?

    <p>Following universal moral laws out of duty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical theory aligns most closely with the concept of 'Eudaimonia'?

    <p>'Golden Mean' theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of ethics, what does Utilitarianism primarily focus on?

    <p>Maximizing overall happiness and well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

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