Philosophy: Confucius and Aristotle
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Questions and Answers

According to Jeremy Bentham's Utilitarianism, what is the key principle that individuals should consider when making ethical decisions?

  • Prioritizing individual rights
  • Following religious doctrines
  • Maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain (correct)
  • Acting based on personal virtues

What does Bentham's 'Net Utility' concept primarily focus on?

  • The overall benefit or usefulness of an action (correct)
  • The intrinsic moral value of an action
  • The individual happiness derived from an action
  • The religious implications of an action

Which ethical philosophy is centered around the idea that morality is determined by the goodness and pleasure derived from actions?

  • Virtue Ethics
  • Existentialism
  • Deontology
  • Utilitarianism (correct)

What does the 'Hedonic Calculus' in Utilitarianism aim to do?

<p>Evaluate the impact of actions on happiness and pleasure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Utilitarianism, why would stealing Dave's wallet filled with money go against the principle of 'Net Utility'?

<p>It would decrease overall happiness in the world (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of decision-making guides a utilitarian according to the text?

<p>Logic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central ethical question addressed by ancient Greeks?

<p>How can one achieve ultimate happiness? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher viewed virtuosity as something to be taught and practiced?

<p>Aristotle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is associated with Aristotle's principle of the Golden Mean?

<p>Excess vs. Deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what is eudaimonia?

<p>Achieving ultimate happiness through virtuous living (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept emphasizes the idea that excellence is an art won by training and habituation?

<p>Areté (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did ancient Greeks believe that living ethically was crucial?

<p>To achieve eudaimonia or ultimate happiness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Divine Command Theory, why is an action considered moral or immoral?

<p>Solely because God commands it or prohibits it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher is associated with the concept of 'Areté'?

<p>Socrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central idea behind Immanuel Kant's ethical philosophy?

<p>Following universal moral laws out of duty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosophical theory aligns most closely with the concept of 'Eudaimonia'?

<p>'Golden Mean' theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ethics, what does Utilitarianism primarily focus on?

<p>Maximizing overall happiness and well-being (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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