Philosophy Concepts Quiz

The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature, scope, and justification of knowledge.

The branch of philosophy that explores the fundamental nature of reality, existence, and the relationships between things.

An ancient Greek concept of hospitality, involving generosity and courtesy toward strangers or guests.

<p>A strict adherence to specific theological doctrines, often interpreted as a reaction against modernist approaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Often refers to &quot;form&quot; or &quot;essence,&quot; particularly in the works of Plato.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Greek philosopher before Socrates who primarily focused on cosmology, metaphysics, and the nature of existence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The basis or reasons provided to support a claim or conclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Universal concepts are general ideas, while particular concepts are specific instances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that entities have a set of core attributes that define their essence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A philosophical movement emphasizing individual freedom, choice, and the search for meaning in a seemingly indifferent or absurd world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A movement and ideology advocating for gender equality and the rights of women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory that reality is fundamentally shaped by immaterial forms or ideas, which are more real than physical objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The view that knowledge is primarily derived from sensory experience and observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A state of puzzlement or doubt, often used in Socratic dialogue to provoke deeper inquiry into philosophical questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An abstract, perfect, and unchanging concept or ideal that exists in a realm beyond physical reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effortless action or non-action, emphasizing harmony with the natural flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A central concept in Taoism referring to the ultimate principle of the universe, often translated as &quot;the way.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A character in Plato's dialogues who discusses the nature of piety with Socrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A form of cooperative dialogue in which questions are posed to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method of philosophical argument that seeks to uncover truths through reasoned discussion and opposing viewpoints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excellence or moral virtue; the highest quality of fulfilling one's purpose or potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A quality of being devout or religious, often discussed in the context of one's duty to gods and society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socrates was convicted of impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens and sentenced to death by drinking hemlock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socrates described himself as a &quot;gadfly&quot; who provokes Athens, likened to a horse, to engage in self-examination and virtue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corrupting the youth and not believing in the gods of the state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A discriminatory practice where services (e.g., loans, housing) are denied to residents of certain areas based on race or ethnicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method of social change that employs peaceful protests to oppose injustice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A journalistic initiative reframing U.S. history by placing the consequences of slavery and contributions of Black Americans at the center of the national narrative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A framework examining the relationship between race, law, and power, emphasizing the impact of systemic racism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of equality and fairness, where laws and actions respect the dignity and rights of all individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A law that is out of harmony with moral law and degrades human personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cultural ideal of femininity used to confine women within a predefined societal role.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that human behavior is governed primarily by biological factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pour soi refers to the conscious, free being, while en soi refers to the static, unconscious being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The law rooted in divine justice and human dignity, serving as the standard for judging civil laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compensation and redress for the historical injustices of slavery and systemic racism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The natural essence or inherent nature of things, often contrasted with human-made constructs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of being in its most general sense, independent of specific manifestations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aristotle's concept of divine intellect as the highest form of contemplation, thinking about itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pure contemplation; God is the &quot;unmoved mover&quot; who influences the universe through thought alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aristotle's theory that entities are composed of matter and form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nietzsche's concept of the &quot;overman,&quot; an individual who transcends conventional morality to create their own values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prophet-like character in Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra, symbolizing self-overcoming and the proclamation of the Übermensch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The driving force of life, characterized by the desire to assert and enhance one's power and creativity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition that allows time for contemplation and creative pursuits, challenging the overvaluation of constant labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Often criticized as over-glorified; Russell advocates for a balance that prioritizes leisure and intellectual development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The abduction (or elopement) of Helen, wife of Menelaus, by Paris of Troy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agamemnon took Briseis, a war prize of Achilles, as compensation for losing his own prize, Chryseis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Barker's The Silence of the Girls, Briseis is given a voice and agency, presenting her perspective as a woman subjected to the violence and subjugation of war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Education is depicted as a process of enlightenment, moving from ignorance (shadows on the cave wall) to knowledge and understanding (the world outside the cave).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ultimate principle that illuminates all knowledge and truth, akin to the sun in the allegory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rapid and detrimental alterations in Earth's climate caused by human activities such as greenhouse gas emissions, leading to rising temperatures, sea levels, and extreme weather events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphasizes relinquishing control, attachment, and striving, allowing individuals to harmonize with the natural flow of the Tao.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Climate change highlights the gap between appearance (e.g., normal weather patterns or visible prosperity) and reality (underlying environmental degradation and systemic risks).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heraclitus emphasized change and flux, famously stating, &quot;You cannot step into the same river twice.&quot; Parmenides, in contrast, argued that change is an illusion and reality is unchanging, eternal, and one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The importance of self-examination and the pursuit of truth and virtue. He argues that a life unexamined is not worth living and positions himself as a gadfly sent by the gods to provoke critical thinking and moral improvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To uphold his principles, including respect for the law and the belief that it is better to suffer injustice than to commit it. He also views death as either a peaceful nothingness or a chance to engage in dialogue with other deceased souls, both of which he considers acceptable outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True harm affects the soul, not the body. A good man, who lives virtuously and justly, cannot be truly harmed by others, as they lack the power to corrupt his moral integrity or virtue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wrongdoing stems from ignorance, as no one knowingly chooses harm or evil. He believes that individuals act wrongly only when they misunderstand what is good for themselves or society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He believes he has benefited Athens by challenging its citizens to think critically and improve their virtue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Euthyphro defines piety as &quot;what is dear to the gods,&quot; but Socrates rejects this, pointing out that the gods often disagree. This makes piety subjective and inconsistent, which contradicts the idea of a universal standard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White moderate clergymen who criticized his methods of protest, but it also serves as a broader appeal to the public.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arrested for participating in nonviolent protests against racial segregation in Birmingham, Alabama.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marks the arrival of the first enslaved Africans in the English colonies in North America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural things have an intrinsic principle of motion and change, distinguishing them from artificial objects, which derive their motion from external forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inherent cause or source of motion and rest in natural beings, governing their behavior and development toward their natural ends or purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substantial, Qualitative, Quantitative, Locomotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Material cause: the substance something is made of, Formal cause: its form or essence, Efficient cause: the agent or process that brings it about, Final cause: its purpose or end goal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Material substances: physical entities subject to change, Immaterial substances: eternal and unchanging entities, The Prime Mover: the ultimate, immaterial cause of all motion and change</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The camel: carrying burdens of tradition and duty, The lion: rejecting external values and asserting independence, The child: embodying creativity and the will to create new values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The individual undergoes a transformation in their relationship to values, evolving from passive acceptance of existing norms to the active creation of new ones through self-overcoming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It signifies the tension and challenge of self-overcoming, striving for higher ideals and a more evolved state of being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nietzsche critiques Christian morality as life-denying and based on ressentiment, a deep-seated resentment of the strong by the weak.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of transcending one's limitations and affirming life's challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ideal individual who transcends traditional morality and achieves self-mastery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>God serves as the ultimate explanation of being: a first cause, or unmoved mover, that is pure actuality and the source of all motion and purpose in the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glorifying work for its own sake leads to unnecessary suffering and inhibits human flourishing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Truth is unchanging, transcendent, and accessed through reason and dialectic. Truth is distinct from opinion (doxa).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Truth is a construct shaped by human needs and cultural contexts. There is no absolute truth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Truth is a moral foundation for resisting injustice. There is a higher moral truth that transcends unjust laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Truth is a multifaceted concept shaped by each thinker's perspective on reality, morality, and human experience. It is a complex and contested concept across different philosophical traditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers