Philosophy final
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Questions and Answers

What is an important political value central to a Muslim polity?

  • The pursuit of equality
  • The pursuit of liberty
  • The pursuit of justice (correct)
  • The pursuit of prosperity

    • What is Fiqh, according to the content?

  • The divine ideal as revealed by God's Way
  • The principles of distributive justice
  • The human attempt to apply the divine ideal as revealed by God's Way (correct)
  • The rules and regulations of a Muslim polity

    • What is retributive justice, according to the content?

  • Taking away someone's driver's license for drunk driving (correct)
  • Seeking wisdom, being moral, and practicing mental discipline
  • Promoting moral, honorable, and peaceful conduct
  • Distributing wealth equally among citizens

    • What is scientism, according to the content?

    <p>A kind of blind faith in the power of science to determine all truth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subject of justice, according to the content?

    <p>The way in which major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'fatal fiction', according to Fadl?

    <p>The pretense that some human agents have perfect access to the will of God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary meaning of 'jen', according to the content?

    <p>Benevolence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of karma, according to the content?

    <p>The idea that one's actions will determine future outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anarchism, according to the content?

    <p>A social movement that seeks to abolish the state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pursuit of wisdom, morality, and mental discipline, according to the content?

    <p>The answer to the question 'How should one live?'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of etymologies in defining a word?

    <p>The meanings of words change over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Metaphysics?

    <p>The distinction between appearance and reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of disagreements about rationality?

    <p>It is difficult to know how to proceed to settle disputes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary meaning of 'jen' in Confucianism?

    <p>Benevolence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Buddha's teachings on how to live?

    <p>Seek wisdom, be moral, practice mental discipline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Middle Path in Buddhism?

    <p>It avoids the extremes of pursuing pleasure and living a life of asceticism and self-denial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the law of karma?

    <p>One's actions will determine future outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of compensatory justice?

    <p>Some types of affirmative action programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view of anarchists regarding the rule of one group over another?

    <p>It is immoral for one group of people to rule another group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of reading philosophy?

    <p>It provides the pleasure of discovering new ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of etymologies in defining a word?

    <p>The meanings of words change over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Metaphysics?

    <p>The question of what is truly real</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view of Foundationalists?

    <p>There are objective and universal standards of rationality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of disagreements about rationality?

    <p>It is difficult to know how to proceed to settle disputes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Buddha's teachings on how to live?

    <p>Seeking wisdom, being moral, and practicing mental discipline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Middle Path in Buddhism?

    <p>It avoids the extremes of pursuing pleasure and living a life of asceticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of reading philosophy?

    <p>It provides the pleasure of discovering new ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of traditional rites for Confucius?

    <p>They foster the acquisition of benevolence (jen)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between retributive justice and distributive justice?

    <p>Retributive justice is concerned with punishing individuals, while distributive justice is concerned with rewarding individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view of Anarchists?

    <p>It is immoral for one group of people to rule another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of compensatory justice?

    <p>Some types of affirmative action programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of human beings according to the Qur'an?

    <p>God's vicegerents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of the philosophy of science?

    <p>The nature and procedures of science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the method of authority?

    <p>Fixing belief through state authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of metaphysics?

    <p>The distinction between appearance and reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of anarchism?

    <p>Opposition to the rule of one group over another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the Buddha's teachings on how to live?

    <p>Seeking wisdom, being moral, and practicing mental discipline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of fiqh?

    <p>Applying the divine ideal as revealed by God's Way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of disagreements about rationality?

    <p>It is difficult to know how to proceed to settle disputes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of traditional rites in Confucianism?

    <p>To foster the acquisition of benevolence (jen)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with relying solely on etymologies to define words?

    <p>The meanings of words change over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of Foundationalism?

    <p>The existence of universal and objective standards of rationality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Middle Path in Buddhism?

    <p>To avoid the extremes of pleasure and self-denial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of traditional rites in Confucianism?

    <p>They foster the acquisition of benevolence (jen).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the law of karma?

    <p>One's actions will determine future outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Metaphysics?

    <p>The distinction between appearance and reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of reading philosophy?

    <p>It offers the pleasure of discovering new ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of retributive justice?

    <p>Taking away someone's driver's license for drunk driving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anti-foundationalist position often accused of?

    <p>Relativism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the philosophy of science?

    <p>Understanding the nature and procedures of science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Right Action in Buddhism?

    <p>The promotion of moral, honorable, and peaceful conduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of human beings according to the Qur'an?

    <p>Vicegerents of God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anarchist view on governance?

    <p>It is immoral for one group to rule another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of disagreements about rationality?

    <p>Difficulty in knowing how to proceed to settle disputes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Fiqh?

    <p>Applying the divine ideal as revealed by God's Way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of anarchism?

    <p>Argument that it is immoral for one group to rule another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of Metaphysics?

    <p>The question of what is truly real</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view of Foundationalists?

    <p>That there are objective and universal standards of rationality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the Buddha's teachings on how to live?

    <p>Seeking wisdom, being moral, and practicing mental discipline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of the law of karma?

    <p>One's actions will determine future outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of metaphysics?

    <p>Understanding the nature of reality and appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of etymologies in defining a word?

    <p>The meanings of words change over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Buddha's teachings on how to live?

    <p>Seeking wisdom, being moral, and practicing mental discipline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Middle Path in Buddhism?

    <p>It avoids extremes of pleasure and self-denial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of traditional rites in Confucianism?

    <p>They promote the acquisition of benevolence (jen)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anti-foundationalist position often accused of?

    <p>Relativism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of reading philosophy?

    <p>It provides the pleasure of discovering new ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view of anarchists regarding the rule of one group over another?

    <p>It is immoral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of karma?

    <p>The idea that one's actions will determine future outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical concept is closely related to the idea of settling disputes and investigating matters?

    <p>Rationality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of disagreements about rationality?

    <p>It makes it difficult to know how to proceed to settle disputes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of Fiqh in Islamic jurisprudence?

    <p>To apply the divine ideal as revealed by God's Way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the method of science?

    <p>Relies on some external permanency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of anarchism?

    <p>Questioning the legitimacy of one group ruling another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of metaphysics?

    <p>The distinction between appearance and reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of disagreements about rationality?

    <p>It becomes difficult to know how to proceed to settle disputes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of the philosophy of science?

    <p>Informed decisions about scientifically related public policy issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anti-foundationalist position often accused of?

    <p>Relativism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of reading philosophy?

    <p>It provides the pleasure of discovering new ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the Middle Path in Buddhism?

    <p>Avoiding the extremes of pursuing pleasure and living a life of asceticism and self-denial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Etymology and Philosophy

    • Etymologies are not helpful in providing a definition of a word because words' meanings change over time.

    Metaphysics

    • Metaphysics deals with the question of what is truly real.
    • Metaphysics also deals with the distinction between appearance and reality.

    Foundationalism and Anti-Foundationalism

    • Foundationalism holds that there are objective and universal standards of rationality.
    • Foundationalists have failed to agree on what exactly constitutes transcultural foundational principles.
    • The anti-foundationalists' position amounts to relativism.

    Philosophy

    • Philosophy can be enjoyable and stimulating to read because it provides the pleasure of discovering new ideas.
    • Primary sources can be difficult to read because we are not used to looking up words and references that we do not understand.
    • Philosophy is not exclusively concerned with the question of the meaning of life.
    • Philosophy is not always written in the form of dramatic dialogues.

    Buddhism

    • The Four Noble Truths in Buddhism include "Life is suffering."
    • The Middle Path avoids the extremes of pursuing pleasure and living a life of asceticism and self-denial.
    • Right Action consists of promoting moral, honorable, and peaceful conduct.
    • The Buddha would likely answer the question "How should one live?" by saying "seek wisdom, be moral, practice mental discipline."

    Confucianism

    • Traditional rites are important for Confucius because they foster the acquisition of benevolence (jen).
    • One of the primary meanings of jen is benevolence.

    Aristotle

    • According to Aristotle, forming habits from youth makes a great difference in our lives.

    Karma and Justice

    • The law of karma implies that one's actions will determine future outcomes.
    • Anarchists argue that it is immoral for one group of people to rule another group.
    • Compensatory justice is, for example, some types of affirmative action programs.
    • Retributive justice, unlike distributive justice, is, for example, taking away someone's driver's license for drunk driving.

    Islam

    • According to Fadl, a Muslim jurist would historically favor rule by a caliphate.
    • An important political value central to a Muslim polity is the pursuit of justice.
    • According to the Qur'an, all human beings are God's vicegerents.
    • According to Fadl, the "fatal fiction" is the pretense that some human agents have perfect access to the will of God.
    • Fiqh is the human attempt to apply the divine ideal as revealed by God's Way.

    Pragmatism and Science

    • Scientism is a kind of blind faith in the power of science to determine all truth.
    • The philosophy of science has direct practical and significant relevance to our daily concerns because informed decisions about scientifically related public policy issues require some understanding of the nature and procedures of science.
    • Peirce renamed his version of pragmatism as pragmatacism.
    • According to Peirce, belief is like a habit.
    • According to Peirce, doubt causes us to experience irritation.
    • Unlike the other methods, the method of science relies upon some external permanency.
    • According to the method of authority, the state fixes belief.
    • The subject of justice is the way in which major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties.

    Etymology and Philosophy

    • Etymologies are not helpful in providing a definition of a word because words' meanings change over time.

    Metaphysics

    • Metaphysics deals with the question of what is truly real.
    • Metaphysics also deals with the distinction between appearance and reality.

    Foundationalism and Anti-Foundationalism

    • Foundationalism holds that there are objective and universal standards of rationality.
    • Foundationalists have failed to agree on what exactly constitutes transcultural foundational principles.
    • The anti-foundationalists' position amounts to relativism.

    Philosophy

    • Philosophy can be enjoyable and stimulating to read because it provides the pleasure of discovering new ideas.
    • Primary sources can be difficult to read because we are not used to looking up words and references that we do not understand.
    • Philosophy is not exclusively concerned with the question of the meaning of life.
    • Philosophy is not always written in the form of dramatic dialogues.

    Buddhism

    • The Four Noble Truths in Buddhism include "Life is suffering."
    • The Middle Path avoids the extremes of pursuing pleasure and living a life of asceticism and self-denial.
    • Right Action consists of promoting moral, honorable, and peaceful conduct.
    • The Buddha would likely answer the question "How should one live?" by saying "seek wisdom, be moral, practice mental discipline."

    Confucianism

    • Traditional rites are important for Confucius because they foster the acquisition of benevolence (jen).
    • One of the primary meanings of jen is benevolence.

    Aristotle

    • According to Aristotle, forming habits from youth makes a great difference in our lives.

    Karma and Justice

    • The law of karma implies that one's actions will determine future outcomes.
    • Anarchists argue that it is immoral for one group of people to rule another group.
    • Compensatory justice is, for example, some types of affirmative action programs.
    • Retributive justice, unlike distributive justice, is, for example, taking away someone's driver's license for drunk driving.

    Islam

    • According to Fadl, a Muslim jurist would historically favor rule by a caliphate.
    • An important political value central to a Muslim polity is the pursuit of justice.
    • According to the Qur'an, all human beings are God's vicegerents.
    • According to Fadl, the "fatal fiction" is the pretense that some human agents have perfect access to the will of God.
    • Fiqh is the human attempt to apply the divine ideal as revealed by God's Way.

    Pragmatism and Science

    • Scientism is a kind of blind faith in the power of science to determine all truth.
    • The philosophy of science has direct practical and significant relevance to our daily concerns because informed decisions about scientifically related public policy issues require some understanding of the nature and procedures of science.
    • Peirce renamed his version of pragmatism as pragmatacism.
    • According to Peirce, belief is like a habit.
    • According to Peirce, doubt causes us to experience irritation.
    • Unlike the other methods, the method of science relies upon some external permanency.
    • According to the method of authority, the state fixes belief.
    • The subject of justice is the way in which major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties.

    Etymology and Philosophy

    • Etymologies are not helpful in providing a definition of a word because words' meanings change over time.

    Metaphysics

    • Metaphysics deals with the question of what is truly real.
    • Metaphysics also deals with the distinction between appearance and reality.

    Foundationalism and Anti-Foundationalism

    • Foundationalism holds that there are objective and universal standards of rationality.
    • Foundationalists have failed to agree on what exactly constitutes transcultural foundational principles.
    • The anti-foundationalists' position amounts to relativism.

    Philosophy

    • Philosophy can be enjoyable and stimulating to read because it provides the pleasure of discovering new ideas.
    • Primary sources can be difficult to read because we are not used to looking up words and references that we do not understand.
    • Philosophy is not exclusively concerned with the question of the meaning of life.
    • Philosophy is not always written in the form of dramatic dialogues.

    Buddhism

    • The Four Noble Truths in Buddhism include "Life is suffering."
    • The Middle Path avoids the extremes of pursuing pleasure and living a life of asceticism and self-denial.
    • Right Action consists of promoting moral, honorable, and peaceful conduct.
    • The Buddha would likely answer the question "How should one live?" by saying "seek wisdom, be moral, practice mental discipline."

    Confucianism

    • Traditional rites are important for Confucius because they foster the acquisition of benevolence (jen).
    • One of the primary meanings of jen is benevolence.

    Aristotle

    • According to Aristotle, forming habits from youth makes a great difference in our lives.

    Karma and Justice

    • The law of karma implies that one's actions will determine future outcomes.
    • Anarchists argue that it is immoral for one group of people to rule another group.
    • Compensatory justice is, for example, some types of affirmative action programs.
    • Retributive justice, unlike distributive justice, is, for example, taking away someone's driver's license for drunk driving.

    Islam

    • According to Fadl, a Muslim jurist would historically favor rule by a caliphate.
    • An important political value central to a Muslim polity is the pursuit of justice.
    • According to the Qur'an, all human beings are God's vicegerents.
    • According to Fadl, the "fatal fiction" is the pretense that some human agents have perfect access to the will of God.
    • Fiqh is the human attempt to apply the divine ideal as revealed by God's Way.

    Pragmatism and Science

    • Scientism is a kind of blind faith in the power of science to determine all truth.
    • The philosophy of science has direct practical and significant relevance to our daily concerns because informed decisions about scientifically related public policy issues require some understanding of the nature and procedures of science.
    • Peirce renamed his version of pragmatism as pragmatacism.
    • According to Peirce, belief is like a habit.
    • According to Peirce, doubt causes us to experience irritation.
    • Unlike the other methods, the method of science relies upon some external permanency.
    • According to the method of authority, the state fixes belief.
    • The subject of justice is the way in which major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties.

    Etymology and Philosophy

    • Etymologies are not helpful in providing a definition of a word because words' meanings change over time.

    Metaphysics

    • Metaphysics deals with the question of what is truly real.
    • Metaphysics also deals with the distinction between appearance and reality.

    Foundationalism and Anti-Foundationalism

    • Foundationalism holds that there are objective and universal standards of rationality.
    • Foundationalists have failed to agree on what exactly constitutes transcultural foundational principles.
    • The anti-foundationalists' position amounts to relativism.

    Philosophy

    • Philosophy can be enjoyable and stimulating to read because it provides the pleasure of discovering new ideas.
    • Primary sources can be difficult to read because we are not used to looking up words and references that we do not understand.
    • Philosophy is not exclusively concerned with the question of the meaning of life.
    • Philosophy is not always written in the form of dramatic dialogues.

    Buddhism

    • The Four Noble Truths in Buddhism include "Life is suffering."
    • The Middle Path avoids the extremes of pursuing pleasure and living a life of asceticism and self-denial.
    • Right Action consists of promoting moral, honorable, and peaceful conduct.
    • The Buddha would likely answer the question "How should one live?" by saying "seek wisdom, be moral, practice mental discipline."

    Confucianism

    • Traditional rites are important for Confucius because they foster the acquisition of benevolence (jen).
    • One of the primary meanings of jen is benevolence.

    Aristotle

    • According to Aristotle, forming habits from youth makes a great difference in our lives.

    Karma and Justice

    • The law of karma implies that one's actions will determine future outcomes.
    • Anarchists argue that it is immoral for one group of people to rule another group.
    • Compensatory justice is, for example, some types of affirmative action programs.
    • Retributive justice, unlike distributive justice, is, for example, taking away someone's driver's license for drunk driving.

    Islam

    • According to Fadl, a Muslim jurist would historically favor rule by a caliphate.
    • An important political value central to a Muslim polity is the pursuit of justice.
    • According to the Qur'an, all human beings are God's vicegerents.
    • According to Fadl, the "fatal fiction" is the pretense that some human agents have perfect access to the will of God.
    • Fiqh is the human attempt to apply the divine ideal as revealed by God's Way.

    Pragmatism and Science

    • Scientism is a kind of blind faith in the power of science to determine all truth.
    • The philosophy of science has direct practical and significant relevance to our daily concerns because informed decisions about scientifically related public policy issues require some understanding of the nature and procedures of science.
    • Peirce renamed his version of pragmatism as pragmatacism.
    • According to Peirce, belief is like a habit.
    • According to Peirce, doubt causes us to experience irritation.
    • Unlike the other methods, the method of science relies upon some external permanency.
    • According to the method of authority, the state fixes belief.
    • The subject of justice is the way in which major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties.

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    Quiz covering fundamental concepts in philosophy, including etymology, metaphysics, foundationalism, and more. Test your understanding of these complex ideas.

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