Questions and Answers
Which area of philosophy focuses on living a good life, wisdom, love, and personal relationships?
What is the primary concern of Axiology in philosophy?
Which approach to philosophy emphasizes logic, knowledge, and aligns itself with empirical sciences?
What is a characteristic of the Speculative Approach in philosophy?
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Which of the following claims can be examined scientifically according to the Analytic Approach?
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What is a key distinction between the Speculative and Analytic Approaches in philosophy?
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Which of the following is NOT a branch of Theoretical Philosophy?
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What does the word 'philosophy' mean?
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What did Thales believe was the fundamental substance that comprises everything?
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What is the primary focus of Practical Philosophy?
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What did Socrates believe about the relationship between knowledge and virtue?
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What is the main difference between Theoretical and Practical Philosophy?
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Which of the following Pre-Socratic philosophers is known for his belief in reincarnation?
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Why is it important to know the contributions of the old philosophers?
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Study Notes
Origin of Philosophy
- Philosophy originated from the Greek words "philos" (love) and "sophia" (wisdom), meaning love of wisdom.
- It involves seeking wisdom among peers and other groups.
The 3 Pre-Socratic Philosophers
- They were concerned with the physical world.
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Pythagoras (570-495 BCE):
- Treated philosophy as a way of life, emphasizing contemplation.
- Believed in reincarnation.
- Made significant contributions to mathematics, including the Pythagorean theorem.
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Thales (c.624-546 BCE):
- Considered the father of Western philosophy and one of the seven sages of ancient Greece.
- Believed that everything is made of a single substance: water.
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Heraclitus (c.535-475 BCE):
- Claimed that everything is changing, and the only permanent thing is change.
- Used fire to illustrate this idea of change.
Socrates
- Focused on the human person and human living.
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Knowledge is virtue:
- To know something is to do something.
- To know what is good is to do what is good.
- Not doing good means not knowing it.
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Importance of knowing old philosophers:
- Appreciating philosophy requires understanding its origins and contributors.
Main Branches of Philosophy
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Theoretical Philosophy:
- Studies principles of human knowledge, thought, argumentation, and communication.
- Concerned with the origin/theory of knowledge.
- Subfields:
- Ontology: being.
- Epistemology: knowledge.
- Metaphysics: reality and existence.
- Theodicy: God on logical abstraction.
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Practical Philosophy:
- Uses philosophical methods to explore how to lead wiser, more reflective lives.
- Focuses on well-being, human excellence, wisdom, love, and personal relationships.
- Subfields:
- Logic: correct thinking and valid reasoning.
- Ethics: morality and right living.
- Axiology: values.
Approaches to Philosophy
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Speculative Approach:
- Tries to bring together all sciences.
- Uses abstract words and concepts that cannot be scientifically examined.
-
Analytic Approach:
- Analyzes fundamental assumptions for all sciences.
- Emphasizes logic, knowledge, and aligns with empirical sciences.
- Examines concepts scientifically, eliminating vague terms.
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Description
Learn about the origins of philosophy, the meaning of the word 'philosophy', and the contributions of Pre-Socratic philosophers like Pythagoras. This quiz covers the basics of philosophy and its early beginnings.
