Philosophy Basics: Pre-Socratic Philosophers
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Questions and Answers

Which area of philosophy focuses on living a good life, wisdom, love, and personal relationships?

  • Axiology
  • Logic
  • Ethics (correct)
  • Metaphysics
  • What is the primary concern of Axiology in philosophy?

  • Values and enlightened values (correct)
  • The meaning of life and human existence
  • Correct thinking and valid reasoning
  • Morality and right living
  • Which approach to philosophy emphasizes logic, knowledge, and aligns itself with empirical sciences?

  • Synthetic Approach
  • Speculative Approach
  • Dialectical Approach
  • Analytic Approach (correct)
  • What is a characteristic of the Speculative Approach in philosophy?

    <p>It uses abstract words and vague terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following claims can be examined scientifically according to the Analytic Approach?

    <p>A square has four equal sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinction between the Speculative and Analytic Approaches in philosophy?

    <p>The Speculative Approach cannot be examined scientifically, while the Analytic Approach can be</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a branch of Theoretical Philosophy?

    <p>Ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the word 'philosophy' mean?

    <p>The pursuit of wisdom and truth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Thales believe was the fundamental substance that comprises everything?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Practical Philosophy?

    <p>How to live a more fulfilling and ethical life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Socrates believe about the relationship between knowledge and virtue?

    <p>Knowledge is the sole determinant of virtue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Theoretical and Practical Philosophy?

    <p>Theoretical philosophy is concerned with the origins of knowledge, while practical philosophy is concerned with how to live a good life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Pre-Socratic philosophers is known for his belief in reincarnation?

    <p>Pythagoras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to know the contributions of the old philosophers?

    <p>To understand the historical development of philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Origin of Philosophy

    • Philosophy originated from the Greek words "philos" (love) and "sophia" (wisdom), meaning love of wisdom.
    • It involves seeking wisdom among peers and other groups.

    The 3 Pre-Socratic Philosophers

    • They were concerned with the physical world.
    • Pythagoras (570-495 BCE):
      • Treated philosophy as a way of life, emphasizing contemplation.
      • Believed in reincarnation.
      • Made significant contributions to mathematics, including the Pythagorean theorem.
    • Thales (c.624-546 BCE):
      • Considered the father of Western philosophy and one of the seven sages of ancient Greece.
      • Believed that everything is made of a single substance: water.
    • Heraclitus (c.535-475 BCE):
      • Claimed that everything is changing, and the only permanent thing is change.
      • Used fire to illustrate this idea of change.

    Socrates

    • Focused on the human person and human living.
    • Knowledge is virtue:
      • To know something is to do something.
      • To know what is good is to do what is good.
      • Not doing good means not knowing it.
    • Importance of knowing old philosophers:
      • Appreciating philosophy requires understanding its origins and contributors.

    Main Branches of Philosophy

    • Theoretical Philosophy:
      • Studies principles of human knowledge, thought, argumentation, and communication.
      • Concerned with the origin/theory of knowledge.
      • Subfields:
        • Ontology: being.
        • Epistemology: knowledge.
        • Metaphysics: reality and existence.
        • Theodicy: God on logical abstraction.
    • Practical Philosophy:
      • Uses philosophical methods to explore how to lead wiser, more reflective lives.
      • Focuses on well-being, human excellence, wisdom, love, and personal relationships.
      • Subfields:
        • Logic: correct thinking and valid reasoning.
        • Ethics: morality and right living.
        • Axiology: values.

    Approaches to Philosophy

    • Speculative Approach:
      • Tries to bring together all sciences.
      • Uses abstract words and concepts that cannot be scientifically examined.
    • Analytic Approach:
      • Analyzes fundamental assumptions for all sciences.
      • Emphasizes logic, knowledge, and aligns with empirical sciences.
      • Examines concepts scientifically, eliminating vague terms.

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    Description

    Learn about the origins of philosophy, the meaning of the word 'philosophy', and the contributions of Pre-Socratic philosophers like Pythagoras. This quiz covers the basics of philosophy and its early beginnings.

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