Philosophy 1: Critical Thinking Development

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes critical thinking?

Rational reflective thinking concerned with beliefs and actions (correct)
Thinking driven solely by emotions
A spontaneous and unstructured form of reasoning
Undisciplined and random thought processes

What is one of the key purposes of studying philosophy in the context of UP Diliman?

To create complex mathematical theories
To memorize historical philosophical texts
To develop artistic skills in painting and music
To provide a decision-making procedure for cognitive-moral dilemmas (correct)

Which aspect is NOT part of the holistic development of critical thinking?

Evaluating one's own arguments
Believing everything without question (correct)
Analyzing concepts
Analyzing knowledge claims

What is metacognition primarily concerned with?

Evaluating and judging the worth of another's beliefs (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can self-consciousness contribute to critical thinking?

By reflecting on and judging one's own actions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an essential characteristic of critical thinking?

Self-corrective thinking sensitive to context (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role does analyzing deductive arguments play in critical thinking?

It enhances the ability to evaluate structural logic in reasoning. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary aim of Philosophy 1 in developing critical thinking skills?

To enable better understanding and evaluation of social norms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary aim of a comprehensive philosophy?

To reconstruct a belief or value system (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a philosophical question?

What are the results of an experiment? (B) Signup and view all the answers

What area of philosophy is concerned with the study of knowledge?

Epistemology (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of philosophy focuses on ethical and aesthetic values?

Axiology (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue that can arise in philosophical discussions?

Linguistic confusion or verbal disputes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Philosophical questions primarily study which of the following?

Concepts like existence and beauty (B) Signup and view all the answers

What defines a philosophical question in contrast to a non-philosophical one?

It is unrelated to ordinary perceptions (D) Signup and view all the answers

At what point can a question about the meaning of life be considered philosophical?

When it encompasses multiple interpretations requiring clarification (B) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does an individual's personal philosophy influence?

Their beliefs, actions, and expectations (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'commonsensical notion of philosophy'?

A personal set of presuppositions that influences daily interactions (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does ordinary reflection differ from philosophical engagement?

Ordinary reflection is often piecemeal and less systematic (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first component of an individual's personal philosophy discussed in the content?

Fundamental values (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do philosophers seek when engaging in reconstruction beyond mere analysis?

Viable foundations for ethics, metaphysics, and epistemology (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why might a jeepney driver or farmer not articulate their personal philosophy?

They may not have recognized it as a formal concept (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of knowledge transmission in philosophical contexts?

It reflects a farmer's beliefs and methods in education (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best represents the role of presuppositions in personal philosophy?

They form the foundation that guides a person's beliefs and decisions (B) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Philosophy 1 in UP Diliman

Philosophy 1 aims to make philosophy relevant to the lives of UP students.
It's not only about theoretical arguments but also about decision-making for real-life problems.

Critical Thinking

Definition: thinking rationally and reflectively to decide what to believe or do
Characteristics:
- Self-corrective
- Sensitive to context
- Relies on criteria for judgment
Origin: Self-consciousness
- Example: A caveman reflecting on his hunting tactics and inventing a new method
Metacognition: Evaluating and criticizing one's actions, beliefs, and intellectual products.
Philosophy 1 aims to develop both metacognition and critical thinking.

Holistic Development of Critical Thinking

Students should be able to:
- Analyze concepts
- Analyze knowledge claims
- Analyze deductive arguments
- Evaluate their own arguments and create counter-arguments
- Apply these skills to solve cognitive-moral dilemmas

Three Concepts of Philosophy

Commonsensical Notion: Everyone holds personal philosophies, shaping their beliefs and actions.
- Examples: A jeepney driver, a farmer, etc.
- Their personal values, rules, and assumptions about the world form this perspective.
Reflection: Objectifying and analyzing the basis of one's values and beliefs.
- This can be done piecemeal or systematically, like philosophers do.
Reconstruction: Moving beyond analysis to search for more viable foundations for ethics, metaphysics, and epistemology.
- This aims for a comprehensive philosophy that serves as the unifying frame for all knowledge, beliefs, and actions.

Philosophic Questions

Distinguish between philosophical and non-philosophical questions.
Not everything can be answered empirically; philosophical questions are about:
- Reality beyond empirical or mathematical understanding
- Justifications
- Analysis of concepts like causes, beauty, and knowing

Areas of Philosophy

Logic: Study of correct reasoning
Epistemology: Study of knowledge
Metaphysics: Study of reality
- Focused on substance, being, attributes, and properties
Axiology: Study of values
- What is good in terms of ethics and beauty

Verbal Issues

Sometimes, philosophical problems are actually verbal issues or linguistic confusion.
Philosophical inquiry should be about genuine problems and not just disagreements over words.