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Philosophical Perspective of the Self
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Philosophical Perspective of the Self

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Questions and Answers

What does Plato believe is the responsibility of Reason during conflicts between the elements of ourselves?

  • To ignore the appetites and focus solely on the soul.
  • To restore a harmonious relationship among the elements. (correct)
  • To enhance the appetitive aspects of life.
  • To delegate control to physical desires.

    • Which of the following best describes the Physical Realm according to Plato?

  • A realm of absolute perfection.
  • Imperfect and transient. (correct)
  • Purely governed by the soul.
  • Eternal and unchanging.

    • In the context of Socratic thought, what is the significance of self-knowledge?

  • It allows for better independence from societal influences.
  • It leads to physical immortality.
  • It is essential for making the right decisions. (correct)
  • It fulfills all biological needs.

    • What did St. Augustine believe governs and defines the human person?

    <p>The soul.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phrase did Socrates coin regarding the importance of self-examination?

    <p>The unexamined life is not worth living.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, how do the three elements of human beings interact?

    <p>They maintain a dynamic relationship, sometimes in conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested about the soul after death, according to Plato?

    <p>It departs for an eternal world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of life does Plato associate with genuine happiness?

    <p>Reason consistently being in control of Spirits and Appetites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did St. Augustine believe about the relationship between the soul and the body?

    <p>The body is different from and inferior to the soul.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Descartes, what proves the existence of the self?

    <p>The ability to doubt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Augustine assert about the truth related to self-knowledge?

    <p>Knowledge of God is required to understand ourselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does John Locke's concept of 'tabula rasa' refer to?

    <p>The human mind being a blank slate at birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For John Locke, what was essential for the development of self-consciousness?

    <p>Understanding and analyzing experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal for every human person according to Augustine?

    <p>To achieve communion and bliss with the Divine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Augustine believe is necessary for true knowledge?

    <p>Seeing the truth that dwells within us.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What philosophical movements was John Locke an inspirer of?

    <p>Modern philosophical empiricism and political liberalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Gilbert Ryle assert about the concept of self?

    <p>The self can be understood through patterns of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Paul Churchland conceptualize the relationship between self and brain?

    <p>The brain is essential for the existence of self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements aligns with Gilbert Ryle's philosophy on self?

    <p>Behavioral tendencies determine the essence of the self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What philosophical stance is Paul Churchland known for?

    <p>Materialism, emphasizing physical processes in defining self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the philosophical principle proposed by Gilbert Ryle?

    <p>I act, therefore I am.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the philosophical perspective suggest is necessary for a meaningful and happy life?

    <p>Constant soul-searching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher is known for the idea that 'An unexamined life is not worth living'?

    <p>Socrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Plato, which aspect of the self is synonymous with the soul?

    <p>The mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three parts that Plato attributes to the self?

    <p>Reason, spirit or passion, and appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Socrates believe was the main task of philosophy?

    <p>To care for the soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quality is NOT listed as part of the spirit or passion according to Plato's perspective?

    <p>Wisdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the self does Plato associate with reason?

    <p>The ability to think deeply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Plato view the nature of the soul?

    <p>Every human possesses an immortal soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental concept did Augustine develop regarding personal identity?

    <p>Personal identity is primarily constructed from senses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Descartes' famous assertion 'I think, therefore, I am'?

    <p>It identifies reasoning as essential to existence and identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Locke, what role does memory play in personal identity?

    <p>It provides continuity of experience for identifying self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What philosophical principle is associated with Descartes' method of inquiry?

    <p>Methodical skepticism as a tool for truth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the pursuit of self-consciousness, what is deemed necessary?

    <p>Awareness of one's continuity as a person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Descartes’ contribution to the concept of personal identity?

    <p>He introduced skepticism as a philosophical method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Descartes define the essence of a person?

    <p>Through thinking as the basis of existence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best encapsulates Locke's view on accountability?

    <p>Memory allows a person to be accountable to their past behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Philosophical Perspective of the Self

    • Life centers on the pursuit of happiness through virtue and self-discovery.
    • Philosophy seeks to understand the essence of self, often defining it as soul, body, mind, actions, or consciousness.

    Socrates

    • Greek philosopher instrumental in Western ethics, advocated for self-examination.
    • Famous quote: “An unexamined life is not worth living.”
    • Believed the self is synonymous with the soul, which is immortal.
    • Emphasized the importance of “care for the soul” and self-knowledge.
    • Introduced the “Tripartite” theory:
      • Reason (rational)
      • Spirit (passion)
      • Physical Appetite (biological needs)
    • Asserted that harmony among these elements leads to genuine happiness.

    Plato

    • Student of Socrates, proposed that the soul is the most divine aspect of humanity.
    • Distinguished between the Physical Realm (changeable, transient) and Ideal Realm (unchanging, eternal).
    • Believed that genuine happiness stems from aligning desires under the guidance of Reason.

    St. Augustine

    • Significant Christian thinker, stated that the soul defines the self and is distinct from the body.
    • Introduced the phrase “I am doubting, therefore I am.”
    • Emphasized that knowledge arises from the truth within and knowledge of God.
    • Believed in communion with the Divine as the ultimate human goal.

    René Descartes

    • Father of modern philosophy, known for the principle “I think, therefore I am.”
    • Advocated for methodical skepticism as a tool for understanding truth.
    • Proposed that self-consciousness is crucial for personal identity and accountability.
    • Asserted sensory perceptions cannot alone prove existence.

    John Locke

    • English philosopher known for his ideas on empiricism and consciousness.
    • Defined the self as constructed from sensory experiences; described the mind as a “tabula rasa” (blank slate).
    • Introduced memory as essential for personal identity, allowing continuity of self over time.

    Gilbert Ryle

    • Advocate of ordinary language philosophy, challenged the mind-body distinction.
    • Suggests that the self is understood through behavior patterns rather than as a separate entity.
    • Proposed “I act, therefore, I am,” emphasizing self as behavior.

    Paul Churchland

    • Neurophilosophy is an interdisciplinary field combining neuroscience and philosophy to explore the connection between mind, brain, and consciousness. It investigates how cognitive processes relate to neurobiological mechanisms, addressing key issues like perception, thought, and identity. By integrating philosophical inquiry with scientific research, neurophilosophy provides insights into human cognition and its biological underpinnings, with discussions on the implications of neural correlates of consciousness for traditional concepts of self and mental states.
    • Argues that the self is entirely inseparable from brain function; without the brain, there is no self.
    • Claims that the mind is a construct without independent existence, asserting “The self is the brain.”

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    Related Documents

    UTS Module 1 (1).pdf

    Description

    Explore the intricate views of self through the philosophies of Socrates and Plato. This quiz delves into concepts such as self-examination, the nature of the soul, and the pursuit of genuine happiness. Understand the frameworks that define human existence and consciousness.

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