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Questions and Answers
Which theory states that man is composed of one basic substance?
Which theory states that man is composed of one basic substance?
Dualism posits that matter and spirit are two constituent elements of human composition.
Dualism posits that matter and spirit are two constituent elements of human composition.
True
Who advocated the view that man is a unity of body and soul?
Who advocated the view that man is a unity of body and soul?
Karl Rahner
According to the second point of view, man is __________.
According to the second point of view, man is __________.
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What is the temporary condition described when the body and spirit can separate?
What is the temporary condition described when the body and spirit can separate?
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Match the following theorists with their corresponding views:
Match the following theorists with their corresponding views:
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Matter is an independent entity that does not relate to spirit according to the discussions presented.
Matter is an independent entity that does not relate to spirit according to the discussions presented.
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What do proponents of the first point of view believe about the body and soul?
What do proponents of the first point of view believe about the body and soul?
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What aspect of human existence emphasizes that our bodies are essential to our identity?
What aspect of human existence emphasizes that our bodies are essential to our identity?
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Man's ability to communicate is a characteristic that differentiates him from other animals.
Man's ability to communicate is a characteristic that differentiates him from other animals.
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What term describes the constant changes and vulnerabilities in the human body?
What term describes the constant changes and vulnerabilities in the human body?
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Man's highly developed brain enables him to _____.
Man's highly developed brain enables him to _____.
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Match the following attributes with their definitions:
Match the following attributes with their definitions:
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Which statement best describes the term 'genetic endowment'?
Which statement best describes the term 'genetic endowment'?
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The physical body of a person is considered an accessory to their identity.
The physical body of a person is considered an accessory to their identity.
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What is a key characteristic that separates humans from other animals?
What is a key characteristic that separates humans from other animals?
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What does matter represent in the second point of view about existence?
What does matter represent in the second point of view about existence?
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The body is considered the spiritual part of man.
The body is considered the spiritual part of man.
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What are the three components that make up man according to the content?
What are the three components that make up man according to the content?
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Man is described as a paradoxical concept of being both __________ and __________.
Man is described as a paradoxical concept of being both __________ and __________.
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Match the following aspects of man to their descriptions:
Match the following aspects of man to their descriptions:
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Which of the following best describes man's universal entity?
Which of the following best describes man's universal entity?
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According to the content, man remains unchanged through the process of changing.
According to the content, man remains unchanged through the process of changing.
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What does the term 'divided union' refer to in the context of man's nature?
What does the term 'divided union' refer to in the context of man's nature?
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Study Notes
Philosophical Anthropology
- Monism posits that man comprises one basic substance, either matter or spirit.
- Dualism asserts man consists of two irreducible elements: matter and spirit.
Theories of Human Composition
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Point of View by Karl Rahner: Man is a unity of body and soul, with each being equally real and substantial.
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Body and soul are distinct yet interdependent; the soul is the form of the body, emphasizing their connection.
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Interaction is possible between matter and spirit, which can temporarily or permanently separate (e.g., during unconsciousness or death).
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Second View: Man is matter-spirit, where matter is a passing state of spirit. Matter manifests from spirit but does not represent its true essence.
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Matter is seen as an action of spirit that becomes perceptible to the senses, creating an illusion of separation from spirit.
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Third View: Man comprises body, soul, and spirit.
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The body serves as the physical interface for interaction with the environment.
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The soul is a non-visible entity that embodies the mind and will, contributing to human individuality according to Aristotle.
Human Metaphysical Paradox
- Man embodies the paradox of being both finite (material) and infinite (spiritual); he is a 'divided union' of opposites, united yet disjoined.
- As a universal human entity, every individual possesses unique characteristics while sharing the same human nature.
Changing and Permanence of Man
- Man undergoes constant change yet remains unchanged in essence; identity persists despite physical or psychological changes.
- Example: An individual holds the same contractual obligation over time, despite personal changes.
Man as a Biological Being
- Life is dynamic and complex; man is a part of this process, affected by biological factors.
- Man grows and develops biological characteristics and exhibits the capacity for reproduction.
- Human bodies are subject to change, decay, and mortality, impacting perceptions of self and the world around them.
Man as an Embodied Subject
- The body is integral to personal identity and cannot be viewed merely as an accessory. It symbolizes a person's interiority and humanity.
- Acceptance of our genetic heritage influences potential and limitations in physical and psychological attributes.
Man as Greater Than Other Animals
- Unique human traits include advanced social, cultural, and intellectual capabilities distinguishing man from animals.
- Language: Humans possess the ability to articulate thoughts and engage in meaningful communication, essential for collaboration and community.
- Creativity: A highly developed brain allows for invention and creativity, enabling the making of tools and enhancing life quality.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of philosophical anthropology, focusing on theories like monism and dualism as they relate to the human composition of body and spirit. This quiz delves into key philosophical perspectives on what makes up the essence of a person. Test your understanding and engagement with these critical theories.
