Philippines Criminal Justice System Overview

Questions and Answers

What role does the community play in the criminal justice system?

Providing legal representation to convicts

Engaging in crime prevention and promoting public safety (correct)

Conducting trials for criminal cases

Arresting individuals suspected of crime

How is a convict qualified for parole?

By demonstrating good behavior for one year

By serving at least the minimum of their indeterminate sentence in prison (correct)

By serving at least half of their sentence

By receiving an absolute pardon from the President

Which bureau handles the rehabilitation of convicts with sentences longer than three years?

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)

Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) (correct)

Department of Justice (DOJ)

National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)

What is one form of executive power the President of the Philippines can exercise?

Granting absolute or conditional pardon Signup and view all the answers

What is a non-institutional correction available for convicts besides probation?

Parole Signup and view all the answers

What is the main aim of the criminal justice system as a social institution?

To meet society's needs for law and order Signup and view all the answers

What happens to individuals convicted of not more than three years of imprisonment?

They serve time in jail under BJMP Signup and view all the answers

How can community involvement enhance the criminal justice system?

By improving community relations with law enforcement Signup and view all the answers

Which action should the accused take if they believe the complaint has an amendable defect?

File a motion to quash the complaint. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the prosecution fails to amend a complaint after a motion to quash?

The motion to quash is granted. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the mandatory Pre-Trial conference under Rule 118?

To review evidence and prepare for trial. Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario can the accused apply for probation according to Presidential Decree 968?

If sentenced to serve not more than six years of imprisonment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the trial on the merits?

It involves the adjudication of guilt or innocence. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after a judgment of conviction?

Correction and rehabilitation processes begin. Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential factor the court considers before approving a probation application?

The results of a post-sentence investigation. Signup and view all the answers

Which rule governs the process of filing a motion to quash a complaint or information?

Rule 117. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Crime Control Model in the justice system?

Crime solution efficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which model emphasizes the protection of constitutional and statutory rights of the accused?

Due Process Model Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does comparative criminal justice study provide?

Opportunities for policy improvements Signup and view all the answers

What role does the United Nations play in the international criminal justice system?

Coordinating international criminal justice missions Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is NOT one of the primary cooperative efforts in addressing international crime?

European Union (EU) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?

To settle disputes between states Signup and view all the answers

How does community involvement affect law enforcement effectiveness?

Fosters trust and collaboration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a goal of criminal justice reform efforts?

Enhancing individual rights Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Probation and Executive Clemency

Convicts may be placed under the supervision of a Probation Officer if their application is approved.
The President of the Philippines has the authority to grant Executive Clemency through Absolute or Conditional Pardons as outlined in the 1987 Constitution.

Parole and Correctional Institutions

Convicts can also apply for Parole, a community-based correction program, after serving at least the minimum of their indeterminate sentence.
If deemed ineligible for Non-Institutional Corrections, convicts serve their sentences in a Correctional Institution.
Two main bureaus handle institutional corrections:
- Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) for those with sentences exceeding three years.
- Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) for those sentenced to three years or less.

Community Role and Criminal Justice System

The community is essential in the criminal justice system, focusing on crime prevention, public safety, and rehabilitation support.
Involvement fosters cooperation with law enforcement and enhances societal well-being.
The Philippine Criminal Justice System serves to maintain law and order and processes violations of criminal law.

Legal Procedures

Accused individuals can file a motion to Quash a complaint or information before entering a plea under Rule 117, Section 1.
If a defect in the complaint is identified, the court may order an amendment; failure to correct leads to granting the motion.
After Pre-Trial, the trial on the merits proceeds to determine the accused's guilt or innocence and to impose penalties and civil liability.

Post-Conviction Processes

Convicts may appeal a trial court's decision to a higher court exercising Appellate Jurisdiction.
A mandatory Pre-Trial conference occurs post-arraignment to address pertinent matters.

Correctional Approaches

Following conviction, correction focuses on rehabilitation; if sentenced to six years or less, an application for Probation can be filed under Presidential Decree 968.
Delays in justice administration may arise during the probation approval process.

Crime Control and Due Process Models

Crime Control Model emphasizes efficient crime solutions.
Due Process Model prioritizes the protection of the constitutional and statutory rights of the accused.

Comparative Criminal Justice System

Comparative studies of international criminal justice systems can lead to new insights and potential policy adaptations within the local context.
Understanding other countries’ criminal justice frameworks is vital for effective governmental assistance, both domestically and abroad.

International Cooperation in Criminal Justice

Nations must collaborate on prosecuting international crime despite their individual systems.
Key institutions in international criminal cooperation include:
- United Nations (UN)
- International Court of Justice (ICJ)
- International Police Association (INTERPOL)
- International Criminal Court (ICC)
The UN engages in international criminal justice missions, requiring cooperation from host nations, with four primary goals guiding their efforts.

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Description

This quiz explores the roles of probation officers, the president's power of executive clemency, and community-based correction programs such as parole. It is based on the provisions outlined in the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. Test your knowledge of important concepts in criminal justice in the Philippines.