Philippine Sociology and Anthropology

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary purpose of anthropology when it began in the Philippines?

To document archaeological findings

To promote sociological theories

To assist in colonization efforts (correct)

To study Philippine folklore

Who was the first Filipino to obtain a Ph.D. in sociology?

Trinidad Pardo de Tavera

Alfred Marche

José Rizal

Serafin Macaraig (correct)

Which American anthropologist conducted field studies on hill peoples in the Philippines?

Antonio Pigafetta

Alfred Marche

Roy Franklin Barton (correct)

Loarca

What influential perspective seeped into sociology in the Philippines during the 1950s?

Structural Functionalism Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was established by the American government to study various ethnic groups in the Philippines?

The Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes Signup and view all the answers

Which two universities were notable for training Filipino scholars in sociology and anthropology abroad?

University of Chicago and Cornell University Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the development of sociology and anthropology in the Philippines?

Soviet researchers Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in sociology in the Philippines after World War II?

Sociology became more theoretical and research-oriented Signup and view all the answers

What did Comte believe about the methods of natural sciences?

They are the only accurate means of obtaining knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

What significant term did Comte coin?

Sociology Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of American society did Harriet Martineau emphasize in her writings?

The impact of economy, law, trade, and population on social problems. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary theme of Marx's 'Communist Manifesto'?

Class conflict and social class struggles. Signup and view all the answers

What does Marx’s Theory of Evolution emphasize?

The inevitable struggle for resources between classes. Signup and view all the answers

What social change was occurring during Marx’s development of his theories?

The Industrial Revolution and rise of capitalism. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor did Harriet Martineau focus on in her book 'Society in America'?

Status distinctions and social hierarchy. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key critique of Comte’s approach to sociology?

His lack of practical investigation in the field. Signup and view all the answers

What did the author predict would happen to capitalism due to inequalities?

Workers will revolt, leading to its collapse. Signup and view all the answers

What principle proposes that society evolves similar to animal species according to Herbert Spencer?

Social Darwinism Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase is associated with Herbert Spencer's views on evolution and society?

Survival of the fittest Signup and view all the answers

What significant act did Emile Durkheim accomplish in the field of sociology?

Established the first European department of sociology. Signup and view all the answers

How did Durkheim contribute to the methodology of sociology?

By combining theoretical and empirical research methods. Signup and view all the answers

What unique study did Durkheim conduct in 1897, showcasing his methodology?

Suicide rates among different social classes. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of Durkheim’s research as noted in his methodologies?

Empirical observation and statistical data. Signup and view all the answers

Which community comparison did Durkheim specifically make in his study?

Catholic vs. Protestant communities. Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced sociology to the Philippines in 1896?

Fr. Valentin Marin Signup and view all the answers

What does Structural Functionalism view society as?

A structure with interrelated parts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of Symbolic Interactionism?

Political parties Signup and view all the answers

Which sociologist emphasized the role of social scientists in advocating for social reform?

Charles Wright Mills Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of laws according to Structural Functionalism?

To punish criminal behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scholars had the greatest impact on post-war Philippine social science?

Fr. Frank Lynch Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Conflict Theory?

Society is composed of competing interests and groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of theory in sociology?

To explain how facts relate to each other Signup and view all the answers

Which countries are mentioned as destinations for students pursuing doctoral studies abroad?

United States, England, France, Russia Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of sociologists and anthropologists mentioned in the content?

To further indigenize their concepts, tools, theories, and methodology Signup and view all the answers

How are sociology and anthropology described in terms of their relationship?

They have close affinities and share similar interests Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is commonly maintained by both sociologists and anthropologists?

Structural-functional approach Signup and view all the answers

What was sociology initially focused on according to the content provided?

Problems facing Western societies after the Industrial and French Revolutions Signup and view all the answers

Which anthropologist is credited with the early formulation of the concept of culture?

Edward Tylor Signup and view all the answers

What aspect do both sociology and anthropology study?

Everyday occurrences and cultural group lifestyles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the disciplines mentioned?

Both fields emerged in response to colonization and have much in common Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Historical Background of Sociology and Anthropology in the Philippines

Close collaboration exists between sociology and social anthropology in the Philippines.
Anthropology originated as a tool for colonizers, primarily serving religious and governmental purposes.
Early ethnographic accounts from Spanish chroniclers, such as Antonio Pigafetta and Fr. Pedro Chirino, are now utilized for historical studies on Philippine cultures.
Alfred Marche conducted notable archaeological digs in Marinduque during the 19th century.
Filipino scholars like José Rizal and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera contributed to ethnolinguistics and folklore studies.

American Influence on Sociological and Anthropological Studies

The American government established an interest in ethnic diversity in the Philippines, leading to the creation of the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes, replaced by the Ethnological Survey of the Philippines Office.
American anthropologists, including H. Otley Beyer and Albert Jenks, conducted extensive field studies.
Serafin Macaraig became the first Filipino to earn a Ph.D. in sociology in 1920, advocating for a social problem orientation.
The 1950s brought a scientific perspective into sociology through educational exchange programs, scholarships, and seminars.

Development of Sociology and Anthropology Post-War

Modern sociology and anthropology in the Philippines emerged after World War II, with increased opportunities for studying abroad.
Graduates from universities like Chicago and Cornell returned with Western research methodologies, emphasizing social sciences.
Fulbright professors enhanced interest in social research and teacher training programs for sociology and anthropology.

Interrelationship between Sociology and Anthropology

Sociology and anthropology share significant overlap, both being recent entrants in academia and emerging from colonization's impact.
Both disciplines examine social behaviors and interactions, often utilizing each other's data and theories.
Structural-functionalism, a prominent approach in both fields, traces back to theorists like Bronislaw Malinowski and Talcott Parsons.

Key Figures in Sociology

Auguste Comte: Coined the term "sociology"; emphasized positivism and the scientific method.
Harriet Martineau: Translated Comte’s works; examined the effects of economy, law, and population on social issues in "Society in America."
Karl Marx: Developed class conflict theory; argued that societal changes arise from class struggles within capitalism.
Herbert Spencer: Proposed social Darwinism, likening societal evolution to natural selection and survival of the fittest.
Emile Durkheim: Established sociology as a formal discipline; utilized empirical research in studies like "Le Suicide" to analyze social phenomena.

Filipino Contributions to Sociology

Fr. Valentin Marin introduced sociology to the Philippines through criminology courses at the University of Santo Tomas in 1896.
Fr. Frank Lynch significantly influenced Philippine social science post-World War II at Ateneo de Manila University.
Serafin Macaraig published "Introduction to Sociology," being the first Filipino to earn a doctorate in the field.

Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology

Symbolic Interactionism: Focuses on societal symbols, meaning-making, and communication, exemplified by sign language and traffic signs.
Structural Functionalism: Views society as a system of interrelated parts contributing to overall stability, addressing both individual needs and societal functions.
Conflict Theory: Examines power dynamics and struggles within societies, emphasizing resource allocation and societal inequalities.

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Description

Explore the intertwined traditions of sociology and social anthropology in the Philippines. This quiz delves into historical ethnographic accounts and the contributions of early chroniclers. Discover how these disciplines have evolved and their impact on understanding Philippine society and culture.