Philippine Provinces: Abra and Apayao

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Isneg' mean in its original context?

Cultural leader

Mountain dweller

Fierce warrior

From Tineg (correct)

What event in 1639 significantly marked the resistance of the Isneg against Spanish colonial rule?

Alliance with other tribes

Betrayal of Isneg allies

Massacre of a Spanish garrison (correct)

Destruction of mission religious objects

What reputation did the Isnegs hold that affected migration to their territory?

Religious practitioners

Skilled traders

Peaceful farmers

Fierce headhunters (correct)

Which colonial power attempted to establish missions in the Apayao region?

Spanish Signup and view all the answers

What was the original name of Baguio City?

Kafagway Signup and view all the answers

What legislative act established civil governments in Benguet towns including Baguio?

Act No. 48 Signup and view all the answers

How did the Isnegs respond to Spanish missions in their territory?

They destroyed religious artifacts Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the American colonization have on migration to Isneg territory?

Facilitated migration from Ilocos Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'bag-iw' refer to in the context of Baguio's name?

A basin where moss grew Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for Baguio being designated as the Summer Capital of the Philippine Archipelago?

To provide a retreat for colonial administrators from the heat Signup and view all the answers

Which American influential figures were involved in the city planning of Baguio?

Daniel Burnham and William Parsons Signup and view all the answers

What year did Baguio become an incorporated city, separating from Benguet?

1909 Signup and view all the answers

How much of the Baguio land area was expropriated for Camp John Hay?

677 hectares Signup and view all the answers

What economic change influenced the migration of people from the Cordillera interior to Baguio after World War II?

The expansion of cash economies Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT one of the Ibaloi terms used for names of streets in Baguio?

Zaragoza Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor in the American interest in Baguio during its early incorporation?

The temperate climate and gold Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'I' signify in the context of the Ifugao identity?

Place of origin Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Pugaw' refer to in the Ifugao cosmology?

The Earthworld where people live Signup and view all the answers

What major factor contributed to the Ifugao's success in resisting Spanish control?

Strategic movement to the interior of the Philippine Cordillera Signup and view all the answers

How did the Ifugao respond to Spanish punitive expeditions?

They launched military attacks on Spanish outposts Signup and view all the answers

The Ifugao terraces served what purpose in their society?

To consolidate economic and political resources Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Spanish military campaigns against the Ifugao?

Destruction of the old Kiangan village and others Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Ipugaw' or 'Ifugao' mean?

From the hill or people of the hill Signup and view all the answers

What practices did the Ifugao community maintain during Spanish colonialism?

Their traditional worship and military practices Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in Abra in March 1917?

It regained its status as a province through Act 2683. Signup and view all the answers

Which indigenous group is primarily associated with the province of Abra?

Itneg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the geographical location of Abra?

Bounded in the North by Ilocos Norte and Apayao. Signup and view all the answers

What is the total land area of Abra?

4,199.72 square kilometers Signup and view all the answers

How many municipalities does Abra have?

27 municipalities Signup and view all the answers

Through which executive order was Abra integrated into the Cordillera Administrative Region?

EO 220 Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Tingguian' likely relate to?

The major river system or mountainous territory. Signup and view all the answers

Which municipality is predominantly associated with the Agta sub-group?

Malibcong Signup and view all the answers

Which Tingguian sub-group is primarily found in the municipality of Tineg?

Adasen Signup and view all the answers

Which municipality is NOT associated with the Masadiit sub-group?

Villaviciosa Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the invasion at Tonglo in 1759?

Tonglo was destroyed, but the Spaniards withdrew. Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did the Igorots employ after the destruction of villages like Tonglo?

They retreated deeper into the interior of the Cordillera. Signup and view all the answers

Who was appointed as the governor and president of the Board when Benguet became a province in 1899?

Juan Oraa 'Ahino' Carino Signup and view all the answers

What was the standard practice of the Spaniards during their invasions?

Enter with fire and blood. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Ifugao' mean in English?

People of the Earth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following municipalities is NOT part of the Ifugao province?

Tublay Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Igorot resistance, what did the people endure after their retreat?

A more miserable existence. Signup and view all the answers

What geographic boundaries surround Ifugao province?

Mountain Province, Isabela, Benguet, and Nueva Vizcaya Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Province of Abra

Abra, a province in the Philippines, covers 4,199.72 square kilometers.
It was a sub-province of Ilocos Sur for 12 years before regaining its provincial status in March 1917.
Abra is bordered by Ilocos Norte, Apayao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, and Ilocos Sur.
It comprises 27 municipalities and is part of the Cordillera Administrative Region.
The indigenous people of Abra are called Itneg or Tingguian, signifying their connection to the river system and mountainous terrain.
Tingguian subgroups include Adasen, Agta, Baclingayan-Belwang, Belwang, Balatoc, Banao, Bangilo-Gubang, Binongan, Inlaud, Mabaka, Masadiit, Maeng, and Muyadan.

Province of Apayao

The indigenous people of Apayao call themselves Isneg.
The term "Isneg" was likely derived from an Ilocano word meaning "from Tineg," a town and river in Abra.
The Isnegs, known for their fierce warrior spirit, resisted Spanish colonial rule in the 1600s and 1800s.
Notable events include the massacre of a Spanish garrison in 1639 and the defeat of Spanish forces in 1895.
The Isneg’s reputation as headhunters and their frequent attacks on the Cagayan Valley discouraged lowland migration until American colonization efforts.

City of Baguio

Baguio City, with a land area of 49 square kilometers, is located in the province of Benguet.
It was originally called Kafagway, meaning "grassy clearings," referencing its use as pasture land for the Benguet Igorots.
In 1900, Act No. 48 established civil governments in Benguet, including Baguio.
The name "Baguio" stems from the Ibaloi term "bagyu" or "bag-iw," meaning moss, referring to the Guisad Valley.
It was declared the Summer Capital of the Philippine Archipelago in 1909.
The city's design catered to a population of 25,000 people.
American interest in Baguio was driven by its temperate climate and the lure of gold.
One-fifth of the city’s land was appropriated for Camp John Hay, a colonial military base.
The city’s development was tied to the mining industry, drawing migrants for labor.

Province of Benguet

The indigenous people of Benguet are called Benguet Igorots or Ibalois.
They resisted Spanish colonization through various methods, including strategic retreats and military attacks.
The battle at Tonglo in 1759 exemplifies the Igorots’ resistance and the Spanish tactic of using fire and bloodshed.
Benguet was established as a province in 1899 under the First Philippine Republic.

Province of Ifugao

Ifugao, covering 2,618.01 square kilometers, includes eleven municipalities.
The name “Ifugao” means “people of the Earth” and derives from “Ipugaw.”
Ifugao society consists of three major ethnolinguistic groups: Ayangan, Tuwali, and Kalanguya.
The Ifugao fiercely resisted Spanish colonial expansion.
The Ifugao strategically moved to the interior of the Cordillera, avoiding Spanish control.
The famed rice terraces are a testament to the Ifugao’s resilience and ingenuity in the face of Spanish colonization.

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Description

Explore the rich history and culture of the provinces of Abra and Apayao in the Philippines. Learn about their geographical features, indigenous peoples, and significant historical events. Discover the unique attributes that each province brings to the Cordillera Administrative Region.