Philippine Press Freedom and Media Law
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Philippine Press Freedom and Media Law

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Questions and Answers

What does the appropriation tort refer to?

  • False representation of an individual
  • Non-consensual use of image or likeness for commercial purposes (correct)
  • Public performance of copyrighted work
  • Unauthorized access to private information

    • Which of the following accurately describes the 'Revelation of Private Facts' tort?

  • Sharing of a private fact that is deemed offensive (correct)
  • Public display of a private conversation
  • Inaccurate portrayal of someone's characteristics
  • Unauthorized use of artistic work

    • Which statement about consent in privacy law is accurate?

  • Only verbal consent is legally binding
  • Consent is irrelevant in cases of non-commercial use
  • Consent can always be assumed regardless of context
  • Knowing consent requires legal ability and proof (correct)

    • What aspect is NOT part of the Obscenity and Censorship Law criteria?

    <p>Commercial intent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary priority when dealing with hostage situations?

    <p>Preserve lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under copyright law, when is a work generally protected?

    <p>At the moment of its creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of a hostage situation do negotiation attempts begin?

    <p>Crisis Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of the Accommodation Stage?

    <p>Boredom and moments of terror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological phenomenon may occur between captors and victims during the Accommodation Stage?

    <p>Stockholm syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a hostage taker aim to achieve during the Crisis Stage?

    <p>Deprive hostages of basic needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which broadcasting corporation was owned by a crony of Marcos?

    <p>Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Umalohokan serve in society?

    <p>An announcer of important news</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Doctrina Christiana?

    <p>To propagate Christianity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which newspaper was the first ever published in English in the Philippines?

    <p>Manila Times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was responsible for the takeover of provincial stations for government media campaigns?

    <p>Kanlaon Broadcasting System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the resolution stage of a hostage situation?

    <p>The hostage taker is stressed and losing interest in the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of media censorship?

    <p>Controlling the dissemination of information and ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article III, Section IV state regarding freedom of speech, expression, and the press?

    <p>No law shall impede the freedom of expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a factor considered in censorship?

    <p>The popularity of the information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines a civil action?

    <p>An ordinary suit in a court for the enforcement of a right.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a political reason for censorship?

    <p>To conceal or distort political news from the public</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of 'surveillance of the environment' in mass media?

    <p>To report news and inform the public.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects the consequences of media censorship?

    <p>It suppresses speech and communication deemed objectionable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is generally examined during censorship processes?

    <p>Books, films, and various forms of communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of action is a criminal action?

    <p>Initiated either by a complaint or an information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a function of mass media according to Harold Laswell?

    <p>Political advocacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the resolution stage affect the dynamics between hostages and the hostage taker?

    <p>Tension is notably low as the hostage taker's interest wanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of media censorship?

    <p>Examination of materials for exclusion of harmful content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is jurisprudence best defined?

    <p>The theory or philosophy of law and its interpretation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following roles added by Charles Wright is considered an additional function of mass media?

    <p>Entertainment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'correlation of the parts of society' in the context of media functions?

    <p>The way different societal elements respond to news.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Philippine Press Freedom

    • The Philippines has a strong tradition of press freedom, enshrined in the Constitution
    • Article III, Section IV of the Constitution guarantees freedom of speech, expression, and press
    • Media laws in the Philippines are rooted in this Constitutional provision.

    Understanding the Law

    • The law is a system of rules enforced by penalties
    • Jurisprudence refers to the legal system and theory of law
    • Jurisprudence is used to interpret mass media laws in the Philippines

    Invasion of Privacy

    • The Civil Code recognizes "torts" which violate a right and can result in damages
    • Torts related to privacy include: appropriation, intrusion, revelation of private facts, and false light.

    Obscenity and Censorship

    • The law deems content obscene if it appeals to prurient interest, is patently offensive in its depiction of sexual conduct, and lacks serious literary artistic political or scientific value
    • The Intellectual Property Code regulates copyright law

    Libel

    • Article 353 of the Revised Penal Code defines libel as a public, malicious imputation that can damage a person's reputation, or that of a deceased person.
    • The elements of libel include a malicious imputation of a crime or vice made public.

    Functions of Mass Media

    • Harold Laswell outlines four functions of mass media
      • Surveillance of the environment: News gathering
      • Correlation of societal parts: Editorial selection and interpretation
      • Cultural transmission: Education and Socialization
      • Entertainment
    • Charles Wright adds Entertainment to Laswell's list

    Media Coverage

    • Advises in Covering Hostage-taking Incidents (by Bob Steele)
    • A hostage situation is characterized by unlawful abduction and restraint, with intent to restrict freedom
    • Hostage situations are categorized as crises by law enforcement officials and behavior professionals.

    Hostage Situation Stages

    • Alarm Stage: The most traumatic and dangerous phase, with high levels of emotion
    • Crisis Stage: Negotiation attempts are initiated, but problems such as isolation, claustrophobia and a sense of time can impede progress. The hostage taker may make inconsistent demands and petty rules that further complicate negotiations.
    • Accommodation Stage: Characterized by boredom and occasional moments of terror. This is the longest stage and often the most peaceful due to a phenomenon known as Stockholm Syndrome.
    • Resolution Stage: The hostage taker is stressed or fatigued by the situation, and likely to lose interest and bargaining power. Tension decreases between hostages, the hostage taker, and negotiators.

    Media Censorship

    • Censorship refers to the control of information and ideas circulated within society.
    • Censorship occurs when content is examined, altered, or suppressed due to being considered objectionable or offensive. It is the suppression of speech or communication due to the content being deemed harmful, sensitive, or inconvenient.

    Causes of Censorship

    • Political reasons: when a government attempts to conceal, fake, distort, or falsify information received by citizens, suppressing or crowding out political news.

    Philippine Media History

    • Umalohokan: The town crier who announced news like new laws or policies.
    • Doctrina Christiana: The first book printed in the Philippines, its primary objective was to spread Christianity

    Key Media Outlets in Marcos Regime

    • Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), owned by Marcos crony Roberto Benedicto
    • National Media Production Center (NMPC)
    • The Kanlaon Broadcasting System (KBS), another Benedicto-owned television station, took over provincial stations for government messaging
    • Radio Philippines Network, the Voice of the Philippines, Philippines Broadcasting System, and the Daily Express.

    Manila Times

    • Founded on October 11, 1898 by Thomas Cowan (Englishman)
    • First newspaper in the English language published in the Philippines
    • Played a vital role as a chronicle of the country's evolution, serving as both a literary and political force advocating for high-quality writing and editing.

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    Related Documents

    Press Freedom: The Philippine Context PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the critical aspects of press freedom in the Philippines, emphasizing the constitutional guarantees of freedom of speech and expression. It also delves into media laws, privacy rights, and regulations concerning obscenity and censorship. Test your understanding of these vital topics!

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