Philippine Political Acts and Reforms Quiz

The governing body of the First Philippine Republic, led by the President and four cabinet secretaries.

The judicial branch of the First Philippine Republic, responsible for reviewing court decisions and establishing legal procedures.

The legislative body of the First Philippine Republic, formed after the revolution to draft a new constitution and elect government officials.

The first constitution of the Philippines, written in Spanish and influenced by various countries.

The Malolos Constitution was based on the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and incorporated influences from other countries.

A document that laid the foundation for the First Philippine Republic, outlining its structure and principles.

The constitution contained 39 articles divided into 14 sections, with a focus on transitory provisions.

The Malolos Constitution aimed to establish a democratic republic based on popular sovereignty and the rule of law.

The 1987 Philippine Constitution, often called the "Freedom Constitution", codified the principles of democracy, human rights, and national sovereignty after the Marcos regime.

The 1987 Constitution was drafted by a 48-member Constitutional Commission, including former politicians, judges, and activists.

The 1987 Constitution established a system of government with three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial, each with limited powers to ensure checks and balances.

The President heads the Philippine Executive branch and appoints cabinet members, but their power is limited to prevent another dictatorship.

The Philippine Legislative branch comprises the Senate and the House of Representatives, responsible for making laws.

The Philippine Judicial branch, headed by the Supreme Court, reviews laws and ensures they are constitutional, with its judges appointed for life.

The 1987 Constitution allows the President to declare martial law but with limitations, requiring Congressional approval to extend it, ensuring a shorter duration.

The 1987 Constitution was ratified by a nationwide plebiscite in February 1987, showing widespread support for democratic principles.

The first organic law governing the Philippines after the Spanish-American War. It established a bicameral legislature with the Philippine Commission as the upper house and the Philippine Assembly as the lower house. This marked the beginning of limited self-government in the Philippines.

Also known as the "Jones Law", this act replaced the Philippine Commission with a Senate, making the Philippine legislature truly elected for the first time. It was a significant step towards greater Filipino autonomy.

A bill proposed by the United States Congress in 1932, aiming to grant independence to the Philippines. However, it was opposed by Manuel L. Quezon, the then Senate President, and ultimately rejected by the Philippine Senate.

This Act, also called the Philippine Independence Act, granted the Philippines authority to create a formal constitution through a constitutional convention, paving the way for the Commonwealth of the Philippines. It was a significant step towards independence from the United States.

The constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, established in 1935. It set a structure for a democratic republic with a president as the head of state, a bicameral legislature, and an independent judiciary. It reflected the Filipino struggle for self-governance and the transition towards independence.

The first organic law governing the Philippines enacted by the United States.

The act that replaced the Philippine Commission with a Senate.

The 1935 constitution, a significant step towards independence.

The Expanded Value-Added Tax (E-VAT), enacted as Republic Act 9337, was introduced by President Benigno Aquino III as a measure to increase government revenue.

The Sin Tax Reform, which adjusted excise taxes on alcohol and tobacco products, was a key component of President Aquino III's tax reform strategy, specifically addressing the issue of revenue generation.

President Rodrigo Duterte's administration promised tax reform with a focus on reducing income taxes for Filipino workers.

The concept that taxes are a crucial source of funding for essential government services, particularly social programs.

The Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) is the government agency responsible for collecting and administering taxes in the Philippines.

A financial obligation imposed by a government on its citizens or residents. It is a primary source of revenue for governments to operate and provide public services.

The American administration aimed to establish a self-sufficient economy in the Philippines by increasing government revenue and creating a budget surplus. Initially, the Spanish tax system was maintained with minor modifications. Later, the Urbana tax was replaced with a tax on real estate, known as land tax.

This law was enacted in 1904 to address difficulties in collecting land tax due to disorganized land titling in rural areas. It introduced ten primary sources of revenue for the government.

The system of taxation implemented in the Philippines during Spanish colonial rule where Filipinos were obligated to pay tributes to the Spanish government. This system contributed to the financial resources needed by the Spanish government to maintain control over the Philippines.

This tax was initially implemented in 1904 and was a significant source of revenue for the government. It was levied on various businesses and individuals.

The system implemented by the Spanish in the Philippines during the 16th century designed to gather Filipinos and provide them with land to cultivate. This system aimed at facilitating tax collection and controlling the population. This system was replaced by the encomienda system later.

Spanish officials granted authority over a certain area in the Philippines. They received rewards from the Spanish Crown for their services which included collecting tributes and protecting the area.

These taxes were imposed on alcoholic beverages and tobacco products. They constituted another major revenue source during this period.

This tax was introduced in 1914, marking a significant change in the tax system. It was levied on individuals based on their earnings, fostering a more equitable approach.

A system of forced labor imposed by the Spanish in the Philippines, requiring male Filipinos to provide forty days of unpaid labor per year. This system was a source of manpower for the Spanish government, often leading to exploitation and deaths in the 17th century.

A certificate of identification used in the Philippines during the Spanish era, which required payment of a poll tax. This system replaced the earlier tribute system and served as a means for the Spanish government to collect revenue from the Filipinos.

This tax was implemented in 1919 and focused on taxing inheritances, aiming to collect revenue from wealthier Filipinos.

This tax was abolished in 1937, seen as a move toward social progress. However, a residence tax was introduced in 1940, levied on all citizens aged 18 and corporations.

A direct tax levied on the annual rental value of urban real estate, introduced in the Philippines during the Spanish era.

The National Internal Revenue Code of 1939 aimed to simplify the tax system and make it more progressive by introducing a single tax at a progressive rate on income and reducing personal exemptions.

A direct tax on salaries, dividends, and profits, imposed in the Philippines during the Spanish era. It was aimed at generating revenue from individuals and businesses.