Philippine Political Acts and Reforms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which document served as a charter of laws and morals for the Katipunan?

Biak-na-Bato Constitution of 1897

Philippine Organic Act of 1902

Kartilya (correct)

Tydings-McDuffie Act

What significant change did the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 introduce?

Creation of a provincial assembly

Establishment of a Senate elected by Filipino voters (correct)

Introduction of a military government

Formation of a bicameral legislature

What was the main purpose of the Tydings-McDuffie Act?

To define mechanisms for a constitutional convention (correct)

To provide for a bicameral legislative system

To impose military governance in the Philippines

To formally grant independence to the Philippines

Which act was rejected by the Philippine Senate despite its promise of independence?

Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acts was the first organic law for the Philippine Islands?

Philippine Organic Act of 1902 Signup and view all the answers

What specific event marked the first meeting of the constitutional convention established by the Tydings-McDuffie Act?

First meeting held on July 30, 1934 Signup and view all the answers

Who was opposed to the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act during its passage?

Manuel L. Quezon Signup and view all the answers

Who was unanimously elected as president of the constitutional convention established by the Tydings-McDuffie Act?

Claro M. Recto Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the Sin Tax Reform under President Benigno Aquino III?

To adjust excise tax on liquor and cigarettes Signup and view all the answers

What promise did President Duterte make regarding income taxes?

To lower income tax rates for working Filipinos Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason governments impose taxes on citizens?

To generate revenue for governmental functions Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did President Aquino III take to generate additional revenue?

Implementation of the Expanded Value-Added Tax Signup and view all the answers

What was the public stance of President Aquino III regarding new taxes?

He assured that no new taxes would be imposed Signup and view all the answers

What system was introduced by the Spaniards to solve revenue collection difficulties?

The system of reduccion Signup and view all the answers

Which act was signed into law to support the objectives of increased taxation?

Republic Act 9337 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups were exempt from paying tributes during the Spanish colonial period?

Local government officials and soldiers Signup and view all the answers

What was the poll tax collected through a certificate of identification called?

Cedula Signup and view all the answers

What obligation were males required to fulfill under the polo system?

To provide labor for 40 days a year Signup and view all the answers

Which tax was specifically imposed on the annual rental value of urban real estate?

Urbana Signup and view all the answers

What was a common consequence of the force labor system imposed during the Spanish colonial period?

High mortality rates among laborers Signup and view all the answers

What economic activity was established through the galleons during the Spanish colonial era?

The Manila - Acapulco trade Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary function of the Supreme Council under the Constitution?

To head the Republic and manage various departments Signup and view all the answers

Which organ was responsible for affirming or disproving court sentences?

Consejo Supremo de Gracia Y Justicia Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred on June 12, 1898?

The issuance of the Philippine Declaration of Independence Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Asamblea de Representantes?

To create a new Constitution and elect a government council Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the writing of the Malolos Constitution?

Bureaucratic systems from multiple countries Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of the Malolos Congress elected in September 1898?

It was made up of wealthy and educated men. Signup and view all the answers

What significant legal document was promoted by Aguinaldo on January 21, 1899?

The Political Constitution of 1899 Signup and view all the answers

What hindered the full implementation of the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato?

The signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato with the Spanish Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the American taxation system in the Philippines after 1898?

To make the economy self-sufficient Signup and view all the answers

Which tax was introduced in 1914 as part of the new revenue sources?

Income tax Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred following the Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act of 1913?

Reduction of export taxes on key commodities Signup and view all the answers

What tax was abolished in 1937, which was seen as a progressive move?

Cedula tax Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT one of the ten major sources of revenue established by the Internal Revenue Law of 1904?

Sales tax on imported goods Signup and view all the answers

What type of tax was imposed on every citizen aged 18 in 1940?

Residence tax Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major changes introduced by the National Internal Revenue Code drafted in 1939?

Replacement of the surtax with a single tax at a progressive rate Signup and view all the answers

What issue was highlighted by the Internal Revenue Law of 1904 regarding land tax collection?

Disorderly land titling in rural areas Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Constitutional Commission's work?

The ratification of the constitution Signup and view all the answers

Who was elected as the president of the Constitutional Commission?

Cecilia Muñoz-Palma Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the contentious issues debated during the sessions of the Constitutional Commission?

Retention of U.S. bases in Clark and Subic Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration for which the president's declaration of martial law expires before needing Congressional action?

60 days Signup and view all the answers

How many members comprised the Constitutional Commission?

48 Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of government is responsible for reviewing declarations of martial law?

Judicial branch Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the roles of the Constitutional Commission member Lino Brocka?

He walked out before the constitution's completion Signup and view all the answers

What type of government structure was established in the new constitution?

Three governmental branches Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Objectives: Analyze social, political, economic, and cultural issues in the Philippines using historical context. Recognize that modern problems stem from past decisions and events. Understand enduring issues in Philippine society through history. Propose solutions to present-day problems based on historical understanding.

Introduction

The chapter focuses on enduring issues in Philippine society, utilizing history to understand their roots and potential solutions.
Topics include the Philippine Constitution, agrarian reform, and taxation policies.
A goal of the discussions is to propose recommendations and solutions to present-day problems by understanding root causes and anticipating future scenarios.

Evolution of the Philippine Constitution

Constitution: A set of fundamental principles guiding a state or organization.
Philippine Constitution of 1987: The supreme law of the Republic, effective since 1987.
Other constitutions: The country had three other constitutions— the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution, the 1973 Constitution, and the 1986 Freedom Constitution—as well as earlier attempts during the struggle for independence.

1897: Constitution of Biak-na-Bato

A provisional constitution for the Philippine Republic, promulgated in November 1897.
Written primarily in Spanish.

1899: Malolos Constitution

Formed the first official Philippine Republic of the nation.
Written in Spanish in 1899 for the government.

1935: The Commonwealth Constitution

Effective after the Treaty of Paris (1898)
The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 defined the legislative system
The Act of 1916 or Jones Law modified the structure of the Philippine government.
The Hare-Hawes Cutting Act offered a proposed independence plan.

1973 Constitutional Authoritarianism

Martial law led to a new constitution implemented in 1973.
The government changed to a unicameral National Assembly called the Batasang Pambansa.
Its members were elected, with additional members appointed for different sectors.

1897 Constitution After Martial Law

President Corazon Aquino had three options for the Constitution upon assuming office: restore the 1935 Constitution, revise 1973, or create a new one
Her administration chose the latter, creating what is considered the Freedom Constitution.

Attempts to Amend or Change the 1987 Constitution

Three methods exist for amending the Constitution: a Constituent Assembly (Con-Ass), Constitutional Convention (Con-Con), or People's Initiative.
Various attempts have been made since 1987 to amend the Constitution.

Agrarian Reform Policies

Agrarian reform: Aims to rectify imbalances in land ownership, distribution and production, focusing on political and economic character, and the relation between production and the class structure.
Land ownership in the Philippines under Spain/American Period: The colonization methods impacted the land ownership structure.

Post-War Interventions Toward Agrarian Reform

Post-War governments attempted to address issues like the distribution and ownership of agricultural lands.
Major figures like President Ramon Magsaysay and others were involved in different programs.
The Code of Agrarian Reform of the Philippines (PD 27) is highlighted.

Post-1986 Agrarian Reform

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARP) established a new approach to land reform.
The program aimed at redistributing agricultural lands to tenant farmers from landowners.

Taxation in Spanish Philippines

Taxation in the Spanish colonial period was characterized by high burdens on Indigenous Filipinos.
The system of tribute and other taxes imposed were heavily criticized for their high burden on the populace.

Taxation under the Americans

American rule shifted the tax system, implementing new methods like the land tax, and seeking to resolve weaknesses like issues with land titling and ownership disputes.

Taxation During the Commonwealth Period

Increased income tax rates and other changes in the tax system were part of the Commonwealth period
The tax system evolved with new adjustments to income tax rates, corporation tax, personal exemptions, and other taxes.

Fiscal Policy from 1946 to Present

Import and exchange controls and other policies were implemented for economic growth
Different presidencies adopted varying stances on tax policies and reforms.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key political acts and reforms in the Philippines. This quiz covers significant legislation such as the Tydings-McDuffie Act, the Philippine Autonomy Act, and the Sin Tax Reform. Assess your understanding of their purposes, impacts, and historical context.