Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of portrait photography?
Which photographer is recognized as the father of Philippine photography?
Which of the following statements about relief sculpture is true?
Which of the following photographers is known for their documentary style?
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What does the term 'sculpture' derive from?
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What defines kinetic sculpture?
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Which of the following techniques involves removing material to create a sculpture?
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Which movement best describes the characteristics of contemporary art?
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Which of the following accurately describes assemblage sculpture?
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What is the primary objective of molding in sculpture techniques?
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Which painting style emphasizes the act of painting itself and varies in brushwork and pigments?
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Which artist is recognized as the father of Philippine painting?
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What is the primary focus of the art movement known as Impressionism?
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Which definition best describes the concept of Photorealism?
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What artistic technique is primarily used in sculptures to achieve three-dimensionality?
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Which contemporary artist is known for using distortion to express the inner torment of modern man?
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Which element of photography can be described as two-dimensional representations of objects?
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What effect does using color in photography primarily create?
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What technique involves the use of repetition in photography to create an interesting visual effect?
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Which movement aims to depict life in an idealized or exotic manner?
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Study Notes
Photography
- The Rule of Thirds is a popular composition technique in photography, utilizing a nine-square grid to guide framing.
- Early photography in the Philippines was pioneered by Western photographers primarily from Europe.
- Basic photography styles include:
- Landscape: Captures natural environments, exemplified by the work of Ansel Adams.
- Portrait: Focuses on individuals or animals, emphasizing emotional connections.
- Documentary: Tells stories without alteration, can depict both landscapes and portraits.
Key Figures in Philippine Photography
- Eduardo Masferré is recognized as the father of Philippine photography.
- Félix Laureano is one of the first photographers in the Philippines, known for works such as "En el baño" and "Cuadrilleros."
Sculpture
- Originates from the Latin word "sculpere," meaning "to carve," and involves creating three-dimensional representations.
- Sculpture enables emotional and intellectual expression from the artist to the audience.
- Relief sculpture: Features images in various depths attached to a solid background.
- Kinetic sculpture: Free-standing art that moves, powered by wind, water, or mechanical means.
- Assemblage sculpture: Composed of found or scavenged materials, often with no prior relationship.
Sculpting Processes and Techniques
- Subtractive: Material is carved or removed.
- Additive: Material is added to create form.
- Four basic sculpture techniques include:
- Carving: Cutting away solid material.
- Modeling: Shaping soft materials into three-dimensional forms.
- Casting: Creating durable molds to replicate modeled works.
- Assemblage and Construction: Joining various materials to form new three-dimensional objects.
Art
- Defined as a creative endeavor that embodies beauty or communicates significant ideas and feelings.
- Contemporary art: Refers to art produced in the late 20th and 21st centuries, characterized by cultural diversity and technological advancements.
Famous Filipino Artists
- Damián Domingo y Gabor: Father of Philippine painting, lived from 1796 to 1834.
- Fernando Amorsolo: Renowned portraitist and landscape painter, known for his mastery of light.
- Hernando R. Ocampo: National Artist for Visual Arts, recognized in 1991.
- Onib Olmedo: Expressive artist of the 20th century, known for exploring modern man's inner turmoil.
- José T. Joya: Abstract artist and National Artist awardee.
- Ang Kiukok: Influenced by cubism and expressionism, a prominent visual arts figure.
Major Painting Styles
- Realism: Emphasizes lifelike representation.
- Impressionism: Focuses on capturing light with visible brush strokes, avoiding precise details.
- Expressionism: Expresses emotional experiences through stylized imagery.
- Fauvism: Idealizes and exoticizes nature in compositions.
- Abstraction: Represents subjects through shapes and colors, rather than realistic portrayals.
- Photorealism: Developed in the late 1960s, involving the meticulous reproduction of photographs onto canvas.
Elements of Photography
- Line: Represents direction and movement in an image.
- Shape: Two-dimensional forms captured in a photograph.
- Form: Three-dimensional representation enhanced by light and shadow.
- Texture: Reveals surface details of objects through lighting.
- Pattern: Use of repetition for visual interest.
- Color: Affects mood and atmosphere within the image.
- Space: Negative and positive space informs composition and meaning.
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Description
Explore the foundations of photography with a focus on the Rule of Thirds, a widely used composition technique. Learn about the three basic styles of photography: landscape, portrait, and documentary, including notable photographers like Ansel Adams. Discover how Western photographers have influenced the photography scene in the Philippines.
