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Philippine Middle Class Emergence
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Philippine Middle Class Emergence

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Questions and Answers

What was a significant role played by Chinese Mestizos in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period?

  • They were the ruling class
  • They rose to prominence in society and commerce (correct)
  • They formed the Spanish army
  • They were mainly farmers
  • Who nurtured the writings of Pedro Paterno and Gregorio Sanciano in the late 1870s?

  • Jose Rizal (correct)
  • Pedro Paterno
  • Francisco Mercado
  • Gregorio Sanciano
  • How were Chinese mestizos categorized in terms of taxes during the Spanish colonial period?

  • They were taxed like Indios (correct)
  • They were taxed more than Spaniards
  • They were not allowed to own property
  • They were exempt from taxes like Spaniards
  • What was the population of Chinese mestizos in the Philippines by the late 19th century?

    <p>Around 500,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was considered an Indio in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period?

    <p>A Chinese mestiza and an Indio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were restrictions placed on Chinese settlement in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period?

    <p>Due to fears of their loyalty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Chinese Mestizos contribute to the emergence of the Philippine middle class?

    <p>They were more active and enterprising in trade and commerce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a characteristic of Chinese Mestizos in the Philippines, according to Bowring (1963)?

    <p>They were more active and enterprising, prudent, and pioneering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe individuals in the Philippines who have mixed Chinese and Filipino ancestry?

    <p>Chinese Mestizo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the establishment of Binondo in 1594?

    <p>To provide a permanent residence for Chinese Mestizos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 on Chinese Mestizos?

    <p>It restricted their economic activities and immigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of Principalia in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period?

    <p>A distinct social group of Chinese Mestizos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Chinese Mestizos influence the retail industry in the Philippines?

    <p>By monopolizing local trading and collecting goods from the north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Chinese Mestizos on agriculture in the Philippines?

    <p>They influenced the industry by carrying trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were Chinese Mestizos listed as Indio?

    <p>Because they were born to a Chinese Mestiza and an Indio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Chinese Mestizos in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period?

    <p>They held economic power and influenced trade and commerce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the social status of the Chinese mestizos in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period?

    <p>Middle-class entrepreneurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Chinese mestizos contribute to the Philippine Revolution?

    <p>They aligned with the Indios to establish a sovereign nation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Jose Rizal's attitude towards his Chinese heritage?

    <p>He disliked any association with his Chinese heritage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the economic impact of the Chinese mestizos in the Philippines?

    <p>They monopolized internal trading and became influential in industry and commerce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Jose Rizal's father?

    <p>Don Francisco Mercado Y Chinco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Chinese mestizos in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period?

    <p>They were influential in shaping Filipino identity and participated in the Philippine Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were the Chinese immigrants expelled from the Philippines?

    <p>They were monopolizing internal trading and becoming influential in industry and commerce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the ancestry of Jose Rizal's mother?

    <p>Spanish and Malay, with some Japanese and Chinese ancestry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Emergence of Chinese Mestizos in the Philippines

    • During the 1800s, Chinese Mestizos played a significant role in Philippine society, forming opinions about Spanish colonization.
    • They identified with both Chinese and Indio cultures, and their writings, such as those of Pedro Paterno and Gregorio Sanciano, were nurtured by Jose Rizal.

    Chinese Mestizos in Philippine Society

    • Chinese immigrants settled in Binondo, Manila, engaged in business, and intermarried with Filipinos, creating Chinese Mestizos.
    • Despite fears of their loyalty, the Spanish recognized their economic importance.
    • Chinese Mestizos were officially recognized in 1740, and taxes were imposed on all but Spaniards and Spanish Mestizos.

    Definition of a Chinese Mestizo

    • A person born of a Chinese father and Indio mother
    • A Spanish Mestiza who married a Chinese Mestizo
    • A child of a Spanish Mestiza and Chinese Mestizo
    • However, a Chinese Mestiza and an Indio were listed as Indios

    The Ascendance of Chinese Mestizos

    • Binondo was established in 1594 as a permanent residence for Chinese Mestizos, where trade flowed freely and intermarriages occurred.
    • Chinese Mestizos experienced changes in social and political status, facing discrimination and restrictions, including the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.
    • They held economic power in trade and commerce, influencing the retail industry, agriculture, and finance.

    Principalia - The Local Elite

    • The Principalia consisted of the local elite, including Spanish and Chinese Mestizos.
    • Expelled Chinese immigrants allowed them to monopolize internal trading, becoming influential figures in industry and commerce.
    • They played a significant role in shaping Filipino identity and participated in the armed revolt against Spanish colonizers during the Philippine Revolution.

    Jose Rizal and the Chinese Mestizos

    • Rizal was a fifth-generation Chinese Mestizo, considered an Indio, who disliked being associated with his Chinese heritage.
    • In his novels, he exposed Spanish abuses, criticized the friars, and depicted a revolution, showing disdain for Chinese immigrants.
    • Despite his lineage, Rizal's nationalism and dedication to the Filipino people made him a hero.

    Rizal's Family, Childhood, Education, and Influences

    • Rizal's father, Don Francisco Mercado Y Chinco, was the son of Captain Juan Mercado and Cirila Alejandra.
    • Rizal's mother, Mrs. Teodora Alonso, was a businesswoman, kind, devout, hardworking, and well-read.
    • Rizal had Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, and Malay ancestors from his father's side.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the role of Chinese Mestizos in shaping the Philippine middle class during the 1800s, including their opinions on Spanish colonization and social identity.

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