Philippine Literature: Language of Poetry

• Module 2 covers Philippine Literature, focusing on the language of poetry.
• The estimated time frame to complete the module is nine hours
• The goal is to appreciate poetry as an art form.

Language of Poetry Topics

• What defines poetry
• Different types of poetry
• Basic elements of poetry
• Poem analysis
• Compose original poems

What is Poetry?

• Poetry evokes imagination and critical thinking.
• A poem reflects the voice of time.
• Poems are expressive and evoke emotions.
• Poems are brief, imaginative, and lyrical reflections of experience and observation.
• The speaker in a poem typically reflects an image, situation, or event that leads to a theme.
• Reading poetry requires opening both the mind and heart.
• Poetry clarifies feelings and leads to understanding.

Types of Poetry

• Three classifications: narrative, lyric, and dramatic poetry.

Narrative Poetry

• Narrative poems tell a story
• Narrative poems may contain fictional elements
• Epic is a long narrative poem with adventures displaying superhuman strength
• Ballad is a short narrative poetic composition

Lyric Poetry

• Lyric poems are intense poetic compositions conveying deep emotional feelings
• Sonnet are fourteen-line poems.
• Elegy is a poem for the dead
• Ode is a short poem dedicated to someone or something.

Dramatic Poetry

• Dramatic poetry is poetry that may contain one or more dramatic elements
• Dramatic Monologue is a poem in the form of a speech by a single character

Elements of Poetry

• Include rhythm, rhyme, meter, tone, imagery, diction and theme

Rhythm

• Poetry meant to be heard because its sound gets it attention
• Rhythm has occurrence of stress and unstressed syllables creating a pattern in the lines
• Rhythm provides a melodious quality.

Meter

• Meter is the measured pattern/grouping of syllables called metric foot
• Meter measures according to the accent and length forming a poetic line
• Lambic: one unstressed, one stressed syllable
• Trochaic: one stressed, one unstressed syllable
• Pyrrhic: two unstressed syllables
• Spondee: two stressed syllables
• Dactyl: one stressed, two unstressed syllables
• Anapaest: two unstressed, one stressed syllable
• Monometer: one foot
• Dimeter: two feet
• Trimester: three feet
• Tetrameter: four feet
• Pentameter: five feet
• Hexameter: six feet
• Heptameter: seven feet
• Octameter: eight feet

Stanza

• Stanza is a group of poetic lines or verse

Types of Stanzas

• Couplet: two lines
• Quatrain: four lines
• Quintet: five lines
• Sestet: six lines
• Septet: seven lines
• Octet: eight lines

Rhyme

• Rhyme is the regular recurrence of similar sounds at the end of poetic lines
• "End Rhyme" is at the end of poetic lines
• "Internal Rhyme" is within one line
• Rhyming scheme is the pattern where rhyming words occur in a stanza or poem

Imagery

• Imagery expression evokes sense impressions
• Imagery is their vividness in representing a concrete object and reality
• Visual imagery is an image perceived by the eye
• Auditory image is perceived by the ear
• Olfactory image is perceived through the nose
• Tactile image is perceived through touch.

Tone

• Tone refers to the poet's mood or attitude toward the subject matter, gleaned from the author's treatment of the subject.
• Example: Gilbert Sape's "Ang Pag-ibig Alinsunod sa Pakete ng Tide Ultra” is melancholic.

Diction

• Diction is the choice of words in poetry and can make poetry difficult to understand
• Denotation is the literal/dictionary meaning of words.
• Connotation is the figurative meaning that a word suggests.

Figures of Speech

• Simile compares using "as" or "like"
• Metaphor is a direct comparison
• Personification is giving human qualities to inanimate objects.
• Hyperbole exaggerates
• Symbol represents

Theme

• Theme is the universal message.
• Reader should explore various interpretations as literary does not only have one meaning

Key Points

• With free verse, elements like rhyme and rhythm are less important to understanding poetry
• Poetry in the module mixes ancient and contemporary styles
• Ancient and contemporary styles represent Filipino traditions and aspirations

Epic

• Epic is a narrative poem recounting a hero's adventures.
• Example is Tuwaang reflecting Manuvu tribe beliefs.