Philippine Literature History

Chicago Architect and Baguio City

• A well-known Chicago architect and town planner, who designed Baguio City, is William Edward Parsons.

Excommunication of Father Aglipay

• The decree of excommunication against Father Aglipay was issued by Bishop Mariano Nozaleda in 1902.

Filipino Priest and Revolutionary Leaders

• The Filipino priest commissioned to confer with revolutionary leaders was Father Gregorio Aglipay.

Father Aglipay's Movement Decision

• Father Aglipay decided to join Emilio Aguinaldo's movement in the province of Cavite.

Spaniard Seeking Aglipay's Return

• The Spaniard who made efforts to win back Aglipay to the Catholic Church was Bishop Mariano Nozaleda.

Philippine Independent Church

• Another name for The Philippine Independent Church is Aglipayan Church.

Communism Advocacy

• Communism advocates for the abolition of private property and the establishment of a classless society.

Antonio Ora

• Antonio Ora was a notable Filipino politician and supporter of the Philippine Independence movement.

Purpose of the Sakdal Tabloid

• The Sakdal tabloid aimed to promote the Sakdalista movement, advocating for social reforms and political rights.

National Defense Act

• The National Defense Act provided for the establishment of a national army and military training programs in the Philippines.

Field Marshal of the Philippine Army

• Douglas MacArthur became the Field Marshal of the Philippine Army.

Inauguration of the Commonwealth of the Philippines

• The Commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated in Quezon City on November 15, 1935.

First American Newspaper in the Philippines

• The first American newspaper published in the Philippines was the "Philippine Daily Inquirer."

Founding of the Philippine Herald

• The Philippine Herald was founded by Elpidio Quirino.

Theatrical Art Form and Hollywood Talkies

• The theatrical art form known as "vaudeville" vanished with the introduction of Hollywood Talkies in 1930.

First Protestant Sermon in the Philippines

• The first Protestant sermon in the Philippines was delivered by Dr. E. E. O’Reilly.

Thanksgiving Holiday During American Occupation

• During the American Occupation, Thanksgiving was celebrated on the 4th Thursday of November.

Philippine Constabulary School

• The Philippine Constabulary School is now known as the Philippine National Police Academy.

First De Facto Vice President of the Philippines

• The first de facto Vice President of the Philippines was Sergio Osmeña.

Labor Leader Negotiating with Sakay

• Labor leader Dr. Dominador Gomez was authorized to conduct negotiations for the surrender of Sakay and his men.

Last Revolutionary General to Surrender

• The last revolutionary general to surrender to the Americans was Manuel Tinio.

Oath of Allegiance Refusal

• General Artemio Ricarte refused to take the oath of allegiance to the U.S. and was later exiled in Hong Kong and Japan.

Speaker of the House and 4th President

• The Speaker of the House - Pro Tempore and the 4th President of the Philippines was Manuel L. Quezon.

U.S. President During Commonwealth Period

• Franklin D. Roosevelt was the President of the USA during the Commonwealth period.

Head of the 2nd Philippine Commission

• William H. Taft headed the 2nd Philippine Commission that served as the lawmaking body.

Peaceful Independence Advocacy

• The Nacionalista Party advocated for independence through peaceful means.

Massacre in Samar

• General Jacob H. Smith ordered the massacre of all men and children above 10 years old in Samar.

Sedition and Newspaper Closure

• The newspaper "Kalayaan" was closed, and its author, Andres Bonifacio, was found guilty of sedition.

Founder of the Tagalog Republic

• The Tagalog Republic was founded by Santiago Alvarez.

Leadership of the New Katipunan

• The leadership of the New Katipunan movement in Rizal and Bulacan was assumed by Andres Bonifacio.