Philippine Labor Law Quiz

Philippine Labor Law: Articles 247 to 281

• Regulates various aspects of employment, including wage standards, working conditions, and employee rights.
• Specific provisions cover termination of employment and the grounds for dismissal.
• Addresses issues around the rights of workers, particularly under just and authorized causes.
• Establishes guidelines for employee discipline, including procedural fairness and due process.

Management Prerogative

• Refers to the inherent rights of management to make decisions regarding the organization’s operations.
• Includes authority over hiring, promotions, work assignments, and workplace rules.
• Allows management to determine the methods and means of achieving work objectives, as long as it doesn’t violate labor laws or agreements.

Educational Background and Entitlement

• Higher educational qualifications, such as holding a master's degree, do not automatically guarantee promotions or specific entitlements.
• Does not confer any automatic preference in job advancement unless explicitly stated in company policy or collective agreements.
• Employability and promotion are determined by performance and organizational needs, not solely on educational achievements.

Filing a Case for Discrimination in Promotions

• Requires evidence demonstrating that the promotion decision was based on discriminatory factors such as race, gender, or religion.
• Must provide proof of a consistent pattern of discrimination in the promotion process.
• The specific burden of proof lies with the complainant to display that similarly qualified candidates were treated differently based on prohibited grounds.