Philippine Islam and Spanish Colonization

Quiz 1

• Spanish colonizers referred to Muslims as Moros.
• Accounts often portrayed Muslims negatively, labeling them as pirates or savages.
• The Iranun people primarily live in Western Mindanao.
• The Maguindanao tribe is known for the "Singkil" dance.
• Legaspi's invasion of Manila marked the start of Spanish dominance in Muslim territories.
• Datu Salikula and Datu Sirungan led joint offensives (1599-1602).
• Zamboanga was a Spanish military base (1635).
• Sulu and Maguindanao formed an alliance (1637) against Spanish expansion.
• Sulu sought help from China and the Dutch (1726, 1737).
• The 1906 Battle of Bud Dahu saw conflict between Muslim and American forces.
• Islam arrived in the Philippines in the 14th century.
• Mindanao initially saw Islam's spread.
• The Moro Wars stemmed from resistance to Spanish colonization.
• Nur Misuari led the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF).
• Treaties between Spain and Muslims often failed due to unfair terms.
• The Muslim Organic Act of 1989 recognized Bangsamoro people.
• Salah is performed five times daily.
• Sawm involves abstaining from food, drink, and sex during Ramadan.
• Hajj is a pilgrimage to Mecca.
• Islam, literally, means submission to God's will.
• Arab and Malay traders brought Islam to the Philippines (14th century).
• The Quran is Islam's primary holy book.
• Maguindanao provinces are predominantly Muslim in Mindanao.
• Hashim Abubakar founded the Sulu Sultanate (1450).
• The Badjao are an ethnolinguistic group known for seafaring.
• The Kalagan are located inland and along the coastal area of Mindanao.
• The Kagan live along the rivers (suba) of Mindanao.
• Maguindanaons are people of the floodplains.
• Maranaos are people of the lake.
• Sharif Kabungsuwan founded the Sultanate of Maguindanao.
• Sultan Qudarat united many Muslim sultanates in Mindanao.

Quiz 2

• The Bontoc are known for their stone-walled rice terraces and the Pattong war dance.
• The Kalinga are known for a traditional tattooing called Batok.
• The Ifugao are known for the Banaue Rice Terraces.
• The Ibaloi have traditional burial practices, including mummification.
• The Isneg are known for their river-based culture and bamboo crafts.
• The Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act (IPRA) aims to protect cultural identity and ancestral lands.
• Domain Titles or ADT under IPRA recognize traditional land ownership.
• The Mangyan people are primarily located in the Mindoro region.
• Republic Act No. 8371 addresses Indigenous land rights.
• Reservations protect ancestral lands and cultural heritage of IP's, as per the IPRA Law.
• Mindanao's Bagobo are known for beading and weapons.
• Spanish colonization and assimilation contributed to the lack of distinct IP communities in the Visayas.
• The T'boli's weaving traditions reflect cultural identity.
• IP's face challenges when destructive actions threaten their land sustainability.
• Environmental degradation poses a risk to IPs' land sustainability.
• The bundle of rights includes rights for displacement, claims, and lost land return.
• Rights to self-governance and empowerment include participation in decision-making affecting them.
• Rights to social justice and human rights include equal protection and non-discrimination.
• Right to cultural integrity includes protecting culture, traditions, and institutions.
• Farming is a primary livelihood in the Northern Philippines for cultural communities and IPs.
• Dumagats and Agtas rely heavily on fishing and hunting.
• Limited healthcare is associated with infant mortality and malnutrition in IP communities.
• The Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act (IPRA) was passed in 1997.
• The Tausug (Sea Gypsies) are nomads.
• The National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) issues CADT Certificates.
• Cordillera Administrative Region has a high concentration of IPs.
• Indigenous communities in the Sierra Madre practice hunting and foraging.
• Panglakayen is a term for a traditional elder or council head in Kankanaey governance.
• Indigenous languages face threats such as assimilation and marginalization.
• Mindanao has the highest concentration of Indigenous peoples.

Quiz 3

• The Bagobo Klata's homeland features Mount Apo, highest peak.
• Klata likely derives from a long bamboo staircase.
• Mandarangan is the Bagobo god of war, residing atop Mount Apo.
• The Balatik ceremony marks the start of the rice-planting season.
• Manobo or Manuvu means "person" or "people."
• Obu Manuvu form through intertribal marriages with Bagobo Klata and Bagobo Tagabawa.
• The Philippine Eagle is culturally significant and protected.
• Restorative justice is the basis of the Matigsalug tribe's justice system.
• History and values are passed down through oral traditions.
• Matigsalug weaving is known as Tinilogas.
• Magbabaya is the supreme god in Matigsalug belief.
• Baylan is a religious leader in Ata Manobo society.
• Pangayaw is a traditional conflict resolution method.
• Tattoos among Matigsalug have cultural significance for the afterlife and identity expression.
• Spaniards referred to Ata Manobo as Ata.
• Manobo translates to "river people".
• Mandaya means inhabitant of the coast.
• Bagani are esteemed warriors and leaders.
• Dawot (sings) is the ritual to mourn a husband's death for Mandaya women.
• Dagmay is a cloth used to cover the deceased in Mandaya tradition.
• The Mansaka are called the first people to ascend the mountains.
• Balian (shaman) are spiritual leaders within the Mansaka society.
• Abaca is a material used in traditional Mansaka clothing.
• Sumpitan (blowgun) is a traditional Mansaka hunting weapon.
• A Bagani is a Mansaka tribe's warrior-leader.

Quiz 4

• Kagan means "to warn".
• Biya is the Kagan female representative position for other women.
• Addat refers to customary Kagan laws.
• "Kagan" is an Islamized Indigenous group. "Kalagan" is a Christianized group.
• Mahr is the dowry in Kagan wedding ceremonies.
• Iranun language is most closely related to Maranao.
• Iranun men's attire includes 'kandit' and 'malong'.
• Iranun's faith is a mix of Islam and Animism.
• Datu is a mediator/arbitrator in Iranun disputes.
• Maguindanaon means "people of the floodplains".
• Sharif Muhammad Kabungsuan introduced Islam.
• Sultan Kudarat's reign marked a period of influence over territory.
• Inaul is a Maguindanaon textile.
• Pag-ipat is a Maguindanaon ritual.
• Sarimanok is a mythical bird in Maranao culture.
• Torogan is the royal residence of Maranao people.
• Panolong symbolizes authority.
• Blaan is a probable term for opponent people.
• Blaan leadership is often inherited or based on merit.
• Blackening and filing their teeth is a distinctive Blaan cultural practice.
• Sufeng is a Blaan burial procedure.
• Tagakaulo means "people at the headwaters of the river".
• Datu is the leader and chieftain in the Tagakaulo tribe.
• Abaca is a material used in Tagakaulo weaving.
• Panag Ampo is a Tagakaulo ritual for prayer or seeking blessings.
• Sinama is the main language of Sama people.
• The Sama people reside in the Sulu Archipelago.
• Sama Dilaut are the seafaring Sama people.
• Patadjung is typical Sama men's everyday clothing.
• Tausug means "people of the sea current".
• Tausugs migrated to the Sulu Archipelago in the 13th century.
• Bahasa is the Tausug language.
• Kali is the Tausug sword.
• Pangalay is the Tausug dance.