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What is the purpose of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)?
What is the purpose of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)?
The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) aims to redistribute public and private agricultural lands to farmers and farmworkers who are landless, irrespective of tenurial arrangement.
What is the legal basis for CARP?
What is the legal basis for CARP?
The legal basis for CARP is Republic Act No. 6657, also known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL).
CARP was first implemented during the American Period.
CARP was first implemented during the American Period.
False
Who enacted Republic Act No. 6657?
Who enacted Republic Act No. 6657?
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What are the key government agencies involved in the implementation of CARP? (Choose two)
What are the key government agencies involved in the implementation of CARP? (Choose two)
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What is "CARPable" land?
What is "CARPable" land?
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How is the distribution of land initiated under CARP?
How is the distribution of land initiated under CARP?
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What are the major challenges faced in implementing CARP?
What are the major challenges faced in implementing CARP?
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How has land distribution under CARP changed over time?
How has land distribution under CARP changed over time?
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CARP has completely solved the problem of landless farmers in the Philippines.
CARP has completely solved the problem of landless farmers in the Philippines.
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Study Notes
Unit 4: Social, Political, Economic, and Cultural Issues in Philippine History
- This unit examines social, political, economic, and cultural issues throughout Philippine history.
Objectives
- Students should effectively communicate historical analysis using various techniques and genres.
- Students should propose recommendations or solutions to present-day problems based on root causes and future scenarios.
- Students should demonstrate the ability to work in a multi-disciplinary team.
CARP (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program)
- CARP is the redistribution of public and private agricultural lands to farmers and farmworkers, irrespective of their tenurial arrangements.
- Key objective: Redistribution of agricultural land to landless farmers.
- Legal basis: Republic Act No. 6657 (also known as Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL)), signed by President Corazon C. Aquino on June 10, 1988.
- Vision: Equitable land ownership with empowered agrarian reform beneficiaries who effectively manage their economic and social development.
Pre-Spanish Period
- Filipinos lived in villages (barangays) governed by chiefs (datus).
- Social structure included nobility (datus), freemen (maharlikas), serfs (aliping mamamahay), and slaves (aliping saguiguilid).
- Access to land and resources was generally widespread.
- Money was not used; rice was the primary form of currency.
Spanish Period
- Introduction of encomienda system (Royal Land Grants).
- Encomenderos were granted lands and expected to defend them, maintain order, and support missionaries.
- In return, encomenderos were granted the right to collect tribute.
- The system degenerated into abuse of power by encomenderos, with tribute evolving into land rents for a powerful few.
First Philippine Republic
- General Emilio Aguinaldo's intention to confiscate large estates, particularly Friar lands, was not fully realized due to the short life of the republic.
American Period
- The Philippine Bill of 1902 established limitations on the size of land that could be owned privately.
- The Torrens System (Act No. 496) was introduced for land title registration, but not fully successful.
- Public Land Act of 1903 established the homestead system.
- The Tenancy Act of 1933 regulated relationships between landowners and tenants.
Commonwealth Period
- President Manuel Quezon introduced a "Social Justice" program to address social unrest, particularly in Central Luzon.
- The 1935 Constitution emphasized the promotion of social justice and economic security.
- Amendments to tenancy legislation included control of landlord-tenant relations and establishment of the National Rice and Corn Corporation.
- Creation of the Rural Program Administration, and the National Settlement Administration.
Japanese Period
- The Second World War (1939-1941) impacted land ownership.
- Hukbalahap controlled whole areas of Central Luzon, particularly in response to the Japanese occupation.
- Landlords who supported the Japanese lost lands while those who supported the Huks earned fixed rentals.
- After the end of the war, gains acquired by the peasants were eroded.
Philippine Republic and Post-War
- Independent Philippines struggled with land tenure issues.
- The Congress of the Philippines revised the tenancy law.
- President Elpidio Quirino introduced Executive Order No. 355, replacing the National Land Administration with the Land Development Corporation (LASEDECO).
- President Ramon Magsaysay abolished LASEDECO and established the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration.
- Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954) governed land ownership and tenant farmer relations.
Additional Laws & Policies
- Republic Act No. 821 (1956): Provided credit to small farmers and share tenants with low-interest loans.
- Republic Act No. 1400 (1955): Established the Land Tenure Administration for acquisition and distribution of large tenanted agricultural lands.
- President Carlos P. Garcia continued previous programs, but no new legislation was passed.
- President Diosdado Macapagal introduced the Agricultural Land Reform Code in 1963.
- President Ferdinand Marcos proclaimed the New Society and a land reform area; introduced other relevant laws.
- Subsequent Presidents (Aquino, Ramos, Arroyo, Duterte, and Aquino III) have enacted many further laws, policies and programs addressing varying aspects of agrarian issues.
- These laws and policies have had varying effects and have been met with both success and setbacks.
Beneficiaries of CARP
- Landless farmers, agricultural lessees, tenants, seasonal and other farmworkers.
- The DAR identifies and validates potential beneficiaries' qualifications.
Government Agencies Involved
- The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) are the lead agencies in the CARP.
- Identification and management of "CARPable" land are critical.
Notice of Coverage (NOC)
- A letter informing landowners about lands covered under the CARP, indicating obligations and rights related to land acquisition and distribution.
Challenges in Acquiring and Distributing Private Lands
- Issues related to land title descriptions, ownership, and court processes.
- Potential disputes on land ownership and beneficiary qualifications.
- Other issues related to the administration of land tenure administration.
Additional Information
- Specific policies and programs implemented by each president during their terms relating to the CARP program.
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Description
Explore the intricate social, political, economic, and cultural issues that have shaped Philippine history. This quiz will test your understanding of key events, policies like CARP, and their implications on present-day society. Enhance your ability to analyze historical contexts and propose solutions for contemporary problems.
