Philippine History Quiz

Early Manila and Philippine History

• Manila's origins are unclear, but it was ruled from Tondo, the oldest-known named settlement in the Philippines.
• Tondo, located north of the Pasig River, was the dominant trading center in Luzon.
• In 1571, the Spanish conquered Manila, making it the dominant city in the region. Tondo became a district within Manila.

Rizal's Family and Siblings

• Jose Rizal had 11 siblings.
• One sibling died young and was considered Rizal's "first sorrow".

Filipino Migration and Early Inhabitants

• Negritos were the first group to migrate to the Philippines, followed by the Indonesians (Indonesians A & Indonesians B), between 3,000 and 8,000 years ago.
• The Indonesians introduced the "kaingin" farming system.

Philippine Revolution Figures

• Gregoria de Jesus: Wife of Andres Bonifacio and founder of a female chapter of the revolution.
• Marina Dizon: Cousin of Emilio Jacinto, a musician in the Trozo Comparsa Band, lost her mother at 8 months old.
• Segunda Katigbak: Childhood sweetheart of Jose Rizal.
• Macario Sakay: Considered a bandit by Americans but recognized as a genuine military leader.
• Limahong: Chinese pirate who repeatedly attacked Manila unsuccessfully. His attacks on Manila involved the help of the Portuguese.
• Martin de Goiti: A powerful Spanish soldier who slowed Limahong's attacks and allowed for Spanish city fortifications.

Spanish Colonial Period

• The Spanish occupied the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 (333 years).
• Spanish control ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1898, ceding the Philippines, Guam, Cuba, and Puerto Rico.

Philippine Independence Movements

• La Liga Filipina: Founded by Jose Rizal on July 6, 1892; motto "Unus Instar Omnium" ("One Like All"); deemed "dangerous" by Spanish authorities.
• Treaty of Paris: Signed in 1898, marking the end of Spanish rule and withdrawal from the region.
• British Invasion (Seven Years' War): The British captured Manila during the Seven Years' War. Manila was eventually returned under the 1763 Treaty of Paris .
• Governor-General Guido Lavezaris: Sequestered the properties of the Rajahs.
• Ferdinand La Madrid: A mestizo sergeant who led the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 in protest of new taxes.

Jose Rizal and His Works

• Noli Me Tangere: A Filipino novel by Jose Rizal, written in 1887, originally published in Berlin, considered a catalyst for Filipino independence.
• "Noli Me Tangere" and its similarity to Uncle Tom's Cabin; the novel focused on the disparate treatment of Filipino people under Spanish rule.
• Jose Rizal was an eye doctor. He fled the country under fear of retaliation.

Emilio Jacinto and the Katipunan

• Emilio Jacinto: Katipunan advisor on fiscal matters and secretary to Andrés Bonifacio.
• Jacinto's primer outlines 13 teachings for Katipunan members.
• He edited the Katipunan newspaper, "Kalayaan" ("Freedom").

Influences on Philippine Culture

• Words like "alam" (know), "hukom" (judge), and "salamat" (thank you) likely originated from the 9th-century Arab merchants and traders.

Other Key Points

• Julio Nakpil: Revolutionary, commander of northern troops, married Gregoria de Jesus in 1898.
• Mahdum (Makhdum): Arabic scholar who introduced Islam to the Sulu region of Mindanao in 1380.