Philippine History Quiz

Proponents and Their Theories

• Wilhelm Wundt: Recognized as the "Father of Modern Psychology."
• Sigmund Freud: Known as the "Father of Psychoanalysis," introduced the psychosexual theory.
• Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: A leader in education and pedagogy.
• Ivan Pavlov: Developed the concept of classical conditioning.
• B.F. Skinner: Established the principles of operant conditioning.
• David Ausubel: Emphasized meaningful learning in educational theory.
• Jerome Bruner: Advocated for discovery learning and the spiral curriculum.
• Albert Bandura: Formulated the social cognitive learning theory.
• Edward Lee Thorndike: Known for the law of readiness and exercise.
• Kurt Lewin: Developed the life space concept in psychology.
• Wolfgang Köhler: Introduced problem-solving by insight.
• Urie Bronfenbrenner: Proposed ecological theory of development.
• Sandra Bem: Developed gender schema theory.
• Howard Gardner: Created the theory of multiple intelligences.
• Elliot Turiel: Contributed to social domain theory.
• Lawrence Kohlberg: Known for moral development theory.
• Robert Sternberg: Developed triarchic theory of intelligence.
• Erik Erikson: Proposed psychosocial development theory across the lifespan.
• Maria Montessori: Focused on transfer of learning and kindergarten preparation.
• Edward Paul Torrance: Promoted creative problem solving.
• Noam Chomsky: Theorized linguistic acquisition and its stages.
• Jean Piaget: Emphasized cognitive learning theory, focusing on developmental stages.
• John Watson: Key figure in behavioral theory.
• Edward Tolman: Developed purpose behaviorism.
• Bernard Weiner: Known for attribution theory.
• Daniel Goleman: Recognized for the concept of emotional intelligence.
• Edward Titchener: Significant contributor to structuralism in psychology.
• Robert Gagne: Developed principles for the sequence of instruction.
• Abraham Maslow: Formulated the hierarchy of needs and motivation theory.
• Benjamin Bloom: Created Bloom's cognitive taxonomy.
• David Krathwohl: Focused on the affective domain in education.
• Lev Vygotsky: Contributed to socio-cultural theory and scaffolding in learning.
• John Locke: Introduced empiricism and the concept of tabula rasa.
• Charles Cooley: Known for the looking glass self-theory.
• John Flavell: Explored metacognition.
• Arnold Gesell: Developed maturation theory in child development.
• John Dewey: Advocated for experiential learning, "learning by doing."
• Friedrich Froebel: Recognized as the father of kindergarten.
• Auguste Comte: Considered the father of sociology.
• John Amos Comenius: Influenced modern educational methods.

Foundations of Education

• John Locke: Philosopher advocating for education as a mental and moral training; developed "tabula rasa" concept.
• Francis Bacon: Philosopher credited with the scientific method and empiricism.
• Jean Jacques Rousseau: Promoted holistic education emphasizing child-centered learning; authored "Emile."
• Edgar Dale: Introduced the "Cone of Experience" in modern media education.
• Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: Advocated for social regeneration through education; motto: "Learning by head, hand, and heart."
• Friedrich Froebel: Established modern educational principles, emphasizing children's unique needs.
• Johann Herbart: Pioneer in pedagogy as an academic discipline.
• Edward Lee Thorndike: Developed connectionism and principles of modern educational psychology.

Philosophical Foundations of Education

• Idealism: Philosophical view focused on ideas in the mind, mainly associated with Plato.
• Realism: Emphasizes knowledge gained through experience; philosophers include Aristotle and Comenius.
• Behaviorism: Focuses on modifying behavior through established standards and procedures.
• Existentialism: Centers on individual experience and self-creation; notable thinkers: Kierkegaard, Sartre.
• Pragmatism/Experimentalism: Advocates learning through experiences; key figures include William James and John Dewey.
• Perennialism: Concentrates on universal truths; led by Robert Hutchins.
• Essentialism: Advocates teaching essential knowledge and skills, associated with William Bagley.
• Progressivism: Emphasizes learning processes and developmental stages; linked to Dewey and Pestalozzi.
• Constructivism: Developed by Jean Piaget, focusing on knowledge construction through experience.
• Social Reconstructionism: George Counts' idea that education should prepare individuals for social change.

Assessment of Learning

• Recommended Curriculum: Proposed by scholars for guiding educational programs.
• Written Curriculum: Curriculum documented for implementation in schools.
• Taught Curriculum: Plan executed in classroom settings.
• Supported Curriculum: Curriculum implemented with additional resources.
• Assessed Curriculum: Evaluated through quizzes and standardized tests.
• Learned Curriculum: Achieved through defined learning objectives in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.
• Hidden Curriculum: Unintentional lessons learned through school culture and environment.

Curriculum Assessment

• Pilot Testing: Collects data to evaluate the curriculum's effectiveness and relevance.
• Monitoring: Ongoing assessments during implementation to ensure adjustments.
• Accreditation: Reviews curricular programs for quality assurance.
• Curriculum Evaluation: Systematic assessment of the curriculum's effectiveness.
• Curriculum Improvement: Enhances specific aspects without altering core concepts.

Educational Technology

• Aims to enhance teaching and learning quality.
• Expands education beyond traditional classroom settings.

Curriculum Models

• Ralph Tyler's Model: Purpose, educational experience, organization, and evaluation of curriculum.
• CIPP Model: Evaluates context, input, process, and product of the curriculum.

Types of Assessment

• Traditional Assessment: Utilizes standardized tests for evaluation.
• Alternative Assessment: Includes performance tasks, projects, and portfolios.
• Authentic Assessment: Reflects real-life scenarios in evaluation processes.

Practicality and Efficiency in Assessment

• Ensures gathered information is worthwhile and efficiently obtained.
• Emphasizes clarity, appropriateness, balance, validity, reliability, and fairness in assessment methods.

Curriculum Development Phases

• Planning: Identifies learner needs, achievable goals, and relevant content.
• Organization: Focuses on grade placement and sequencing of content.
• Implementation: Execution of planned educational strategies.
• Evaluation: Matching objectives with learning outcomes for effectiveness.

Curriculum Design Types

• Subject-Centered: Curriculum revolves around specific subject matter.
• Learner-Centered: Focuses on individual needs and interests.
• Problem-Centered: Addresses social issues based on learner engagement.

K-12 Curriculum Features

• Introduces a universal kindergarten program and mother tongue-based education.
• Promotes contextualization and spiral progression within the curriculum framework.

Approaches to Curriculum

• Managerial, systems, behavioral, humanistic, grassroots, and problem-centered approaches inform various educational frameworks.### Reconstructionist Design
• Engages learners in critical analysis of local, national, and international communities.
• Examines political practices of business and government and their economic impact on the workforce.

Components of Curriculum Design

• Objectives: Foundation for content selection and learning experiences.
• Learning Experience: Criteria for evaluating learning outcomes; includes instructional strategies.
• Content/Subject Matter: Relevant to daily life; aligns with students' maturity and future career needs; comprises facts, concepts, and theories.
• Evaluation Approaches: Tools to assess curriculum effectiveness and quality.

Design Elements in Curriculum

• Scope (Coverage): Encompasses all content and learning experiences in an educational plan.
• Sequence (Order): Organizes elements for continuous learning; follows developmental growth patterns.
• Articulation (Connectivity): Ensures vertical linkage across educational levels to prevent gaps and overlaps.
• Continuity (Spiral): Repeated exposure to content strengthens learning and skill development.
• Balance: Equitable distribution of content and time across disciplines.
• Integration: Draws connections from real-life themes into the curriculum.

Types of Curriculum

• Sabertooth Curriculum: Responsive to environmental changes.
• Spiraled Curriculum: Progressively increases in difficulty.

Types of Lesson

• Development, review, drill, and appreciation lessons.

Enculturation and Acculturation

• Enculturation: Process of learning one's own culture.
• Acculturation: Adapting to or adopting another culture.

Societal Trends (Alvin Toffler)

• Explosion: Rural to urban migration.
• Implosion: Information influx.
• Technoplosion: Rise of ICT tools.
• Dysplosion: Deterioration of human values.

Knowledge Types for Teaching

• Knowledge for Practice: Teacher preparation.
• Knowledge in Practice: Practical application in teaching.
• Knowledge of Practice: Systematic inquiries into teaching methods.

Curriculum Development

• Decision-making process encompassing planning, design, development, implementation, and evaluation.

Teaching Strategies

• Direct Instruction: Skill development and information delivery.
• Indirect Instruction: Student involvement and engagement.
• Experiential Learning: Focuses on processes, not just outcomes.
• Independent Study: Encourages student initiative.
• Interactive Instruction: Develops social skills through collaboration.

Sociological Foundations of Curriculum

• Culture’s characters include diversity, gratification of needs, learned behaviors, adaptability, social contacts, and transmission through language.

Elements of Culture

• Language, norms, sanctions, values, and change are critical components influencing societal behavior.

Social Dynamics

• Socialization: Adapting to common group needs.
• Social Stratification: Classifying people based on social status.
• Social Mobility Types: Horizontal, vertical, intergenerational, and intragenerational mobility.

Teaching Profession in the Philippines

• Key Republic Acts: Include the Code of Ethics, Professionalization of Teachers, K-12 Curriculum, and Anti-Sexual Harassment Act, among others.

Philippine Historical Figures

• Dr. Jose Rizal: National hero.
• Andres Bonifacio: Father of the Katipunan and the Great Plebian.
• General Emilio Aguinaldo: President of the First Philippine Republic.
• Apolinario Mabini: Key intellectual of the Philippine Revolution.
• GOMBURZA: Martyred priests symbolizing the fight for reform.
• Melchora Aquino: Known as the "Mother of Balintawak."

General Science

• Cell Organelles: Each organelle serves a specific function, e.g., nucleus (cell brain), mitochondria (powerhouse), and ribosomes (protein synthesis sites).

Educational Delivery System

• Encompasses instruction methods, research, school facilities, and guidance systems supporting student learning.### Key Figures in Philippine History
• Leona Florentino is recognized as the first Filipino poetess.
• Pedro Paterno is known for his role in the Peace of the Revolution.
• Isabelo Delos Reyes is the founder of Philippine Socialism.
• Artemio Ricarte is known as Viborra.
• Jose Palma authored the Spanish lyrics for the Philippine National Anthem.
• Lakandola served as the Chief of Tondo.
• Rajah Soliman was the last Rajah of Manila.
• Leonor Rivera was Jose Rizal's fiancée.
• Marcela Agoncillo created the first Filipino flag.
• Galicano Apacible co-founded the Katipunan.
• Diego Silang was a leader of the Ilocano Revolt.
• Lapu-lapu is celebrated as the first Filipino hero.
• Francisco Dagohoy led the longest revolt in Bohol.
• Epifanio Delos Santos was known as "The Man of Many Talents."
• Francisco Baltazar earned the title of Prince of Tagalog Poets.
• Teresa Magbanua is referred to as the Visayan Joan of Arc.
• Trinidad Tecson is known as the Mother of Biak-na-Bato.
• Agueda Esteban was the wife of Artemio Ricarte.
• Gen. Francisco Makabulos led the Tarlac Revolt.
• Julian Felipe composed the Philippine National Anthem.
• Insulares were Spaniards born in the Philippines.
• Baldomero Aguinaldo was a leader of the Magdalo faction.
• Mariano Alvarez was a leader of the Magdiwang faction.
• Jose Rizal founded La Liga Filipina and was a prominent nationalist figure.
• Juan Luna painted the Spolarium.

José Rizal's Life and Work

• Born on June 19, 1861, José Rizal was also known as Pepe.
• Died on December 30, 1896 at the age of 35.
• Baptized on June 22, 1861.
• Fluent in around 22 languages.
• Owned a black dog named Uzman and an old pony named Alipato.
• Used pen names such as Laong Laan (ever ready) for his writings in "La Solidaridad" and Dimasalang (untouchable).
• Authored "Noli Me Tangere," published in Berlin in 1887, and "El Filibusterismo," published in Ghent in 1891.
• Declared national hero by the Philippine Commission (Taft Commission).
• Maximo Viola and Valentin Ventura supported the publication of his works.
• Experienced familial and personal heartbreaks, including the death of his sister Concha at age 3.
• Buried in Paco Cemetery; his sister Narcisa sought his remains.
• Exiled in Dapitan; interacted with various influential figures like Luis Taviel de Andrade, who defended him during trials.
• Key literary works include "Mi Ultimo Adios," "La Indolencia de los Filipinos," and "Carmina Burana."

Educational and Cultural Contributions

• Initiated his formal education in Calamba and later attended the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and Ateneo.
• Took up simultaneous courses in Philosophy and Medicine at UST.
• Involved in various cultural and literary endeavors, producing essays and plays.
• Advocated for education as a vehicle for enlightenment in "Through Education Our Motherland Received Light".
• Engaged in creating impactful literary pieces like "A la Virgen Maria."

Legacy and Influence

• Promoted nationalism and liberation through his writings, including those addressing social issues in the Philippines.
• Influences were drawn from his Chinese, Spanish, and Filipino heritage.
• Has multiple works critiquing colonial rule and advocating reform.
• The Rizal Law (RA 1425) mandates the inclusion of his works in school curricula.
• Significant figures such as Ferdinand Blumentritt and Louis de Wecker shaped his journey in medicine and literature.

Social and Political Context

• Simeon Ola and Macario Sakay were prominent leaders during the Philippine-American War.
• Aglipayan Church is a remnant of the Philippine Independent Church, founded by Gregorio Aglipay.
• Various factions and leaders contributed to the revolution, notably Andres Bonifacio (Katipunan) and Emilio Aguinaldo (Magdalo).
• Literary movements emerged alongside social reforms, with key publications like "La Solidaridad" bringing together nationalists.

Literature and Literary Devices

• Folklore and epics reflect the cultural heritage and beliefs of the Filipino people.
• Literary terms include synecdoche, simile, personification, metaphor, and allegory, all used to enrich storytelling.
• Recognized works from global authors like Edgar Allan Poe and Rabindranath Tagore highlight diverse literary influences and themes.

Historical Analysis

• Historiography has evolved through various perspectives on Philippine history, discussed by figures like Renato Constantino and Teodoro Agoncillo.
• Works of prominent historians provide insights into Rizal’s life, emphasizing his role as a national hero and cultural icon.