Philippine History: Culture, Rights & Indigenous People
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Which legislative act serves as a comprehensive framework to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women in the Philippines?

  • The Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act
  • Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act No. 9710) (correct)
  • Anti-Discrimination Act (ADA) of 2009
  • Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004

A local company refuses to hire women in its production department, citing concerns about physical strength. Which legal framework could be used to challenge this discriminatory practice?

  • Solo Parents Welfare Act
  • Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act No. 9710) (correct)
  • Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012
  • Revised Penal Code

What is the most effective approach for fostering gender equality in education?

  • Making education gender sensitive (correct)
  • Implementing gender-neutral school uniforms
  • Excluding discussions about gender in the curriculum
  • Ensuring that all teachers are female

Which action would be most effective in challenging traditional gender roles and promoting gender equality in the workplace?

<p>Encouraging women into non-traditional vocations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies primarily addresses the root causes of gender inequality, rather than just its symptoms?

<p>Empowering mothers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle directly addresses the need for educators to understand and appropriately respond to the unique needs of learners based on their gender?

<p>Gender sensitivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Republic Act No. 7192, also known as the Women in Development and Nation Building Act, primarily focuses on:

<p>Integrating women's concerns into policy and decision-making processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which international agreement obliges signatory countries to adopt measures eliminating discrimination against women in political, economic, social, and cultural domains?

<p>Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Beijing Platform for Action's primary objective is to:

<p>Set strategic objectives for achieving gender equality and women's empowerment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a school policy inadvertently disadvantages female students in sports, which principle of the Gender-Responsive Basic Education Policy is being violated?

<p>Gender equity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A school principal ignores reports of gender-based bullying. Which principle of the Gender-Responsive Basic Education Policy is MOST directly being violated?

<p>Human rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the 1987 Constitution support gender equality in the Philippines?

<p>By recognizing the role of women in nation-building and ensuring fundamental equality before the law. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A school implements a curriculum that reinforces traditional gender roles, limiting students' perceptions of career options. Which combination of principles from the Gender-Responsive Basic Education Policy are being undermined?

<p>Gender Equality and Gender Equity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sets of principles, as identified by J. Patra (2015), provides the most comprehensive framework for fostering a culture of peace?

<p>Human Rights, Social Justice, Non-violence, Conflict Resolution, Global Citizenship, Sustainable Development, Gender Equality, and Active Participation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Murillo Velarde map, considered the 'Mother of all Philippine Maps,' is most significant for what?

<p>Its intricate details contributed by Jesuit Father Pedro Murillo Velarde, engraver Nicolás de la Cruz Bagay, and artist Francisco Suarez. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ferdinand Blumentritt's research was the primary basis for which cartographic work?

<p>Mapa Etnografico del Archipielago Filipino. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which map specifically aimed to illustrate the geographical distribution of Negrito groups within the Philippine Islands?

<p>Outline map of the Philippine Islands (1904). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the 'Mapa Etnografico del Archipielago Filipino,' created using Ferdinand Blumentritt's work, differ primarily from the Murillo Velarde map?

<p>It specifically represents the distribution of different ethnic groups, unlike the Murillo Velarde map. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Murillo Velarde map and the 'Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Islas Filipinas'?

<p>The 'Carta Hydrographica...' is the official name of what is popularly known as the Murillo Velarde map. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the historical context, what was the likely purpose of creating a map illustrating the distribution of Negrito groups in 1904?

<p>To document and classify indigenous populations for administrative or research purposes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between the concept of 'Global Citizenship' as a guiding principle of peace, and the study of maps depicting Indigenous populations?

<p>Studying such maps promotes awareness and understanding of diverse cultures, essential for global citizenship. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action demonstrates a higher education institution integrating a gender and development perspective into its policies, programs, and activities?

<p>Ensuring equal representation of male and female authors in course reading lists. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might a school best foster a secure and supportive environment for all learners, irrespective of gender, according to the guidelines?

<p>By establishing clear, gender-responsive policies and procedures that address bullying and harassment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most direct way for a school to promote gender equality and equity within the broader community?

<p>By encouraging students to challenge gender stereotypes through curricular and extracurricular activities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following initiatives best exemplifies 'Gender-Sensitive Data Collection and Analysis' in higher education institutions?

<p>Collecting data on student and faculty demographics, disaggregated by gender, to identify disparities and inform policy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the LEAST likely outcome of prioritizing national peace in Mindanao and other conflict-affected areas at a global level?

<p>A decline in the importance of local perspectives and community-led solutions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company promotes a less qualified male candidate over a more qualified female candidate. This scenario BEST exemplifies which type of gender discrimination?

<p>Covert discrimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the DepEd Order No. 32, s. 2017, what is the primary aim of the 'Gender-Responsive Basic Education Policy'?

<p>To eradicate all forms of gender discrimination prevalent in the school environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outcome is least likely to result from implementing a Gender-Responsive Basic Education Policy?

<p>Increased dropout rates among marginalized groups due to increased sensitivity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates 'formal' gender discrimination?

<p>A company policy explicitly states that women will not be promoted to management positions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of gender-related inequality mentioned?

<p>Educational attainment inequality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can 'Community Engagement and Outreach' activities support the goals of a Gender-Responsive Basic Education Policy?

<p>By involving parents and community members in discussions and initiatives that promote gender equality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of 'Faculty Development' in implementing gender equality and sensitivity within higher education institutions?

<p>To ensure faculty are equipped to integrate gender perspectives into their teaching, research, and interactions with students. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the distinction between negative and positive peace?

<p>Negative peace focuses on the absence of direct violence, while positive peace encompasses well-being and just relationships. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between overt and covert gender discrimination?

<p>Overt discrimination is direct and obvious, while covert discrimination is subtle and often disguised. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company's hiring practices consistently favor male candidates, regardless of qualifications, and the CEO publicly states that 'men are better suited for leadership roles'. Which forms of gender discrimination are evident here?

<p>Both formal and overt discrimination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organization is working to resolve a conflict between two Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICCs) over land rights. Which approach would be most aligned with fostering 'positive peace'?

<p>Facilitating a dialogue that addresses historical grievances, promotes equitable resource sharing, and strengthens inter-community relationships. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a development project is planned in an area inhabited by Indigenous People (IP), what action would best demonstrate respect for the Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act (IPRA) of 1997?

<p>Consulting with the IP community to obtain their free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) regarding the project. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'gender awareness' contribute to addressing gender inequality?

<p>It promotes understanding of societal, cultural, and psychological factors shaping gender roles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action would be considered a violation of the principles of positive peace?

<p>Exploiting natural resources in a way that degrades the environment and displaces local communities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose a country seeks to reduce gender-based violence. Which strategy would BEST address the root causes, based on the principles of gender equality?

<p>Implementing gender awareness programs that challenge traditional gender norms and stereotypes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A logging company wants to operate in a region traditionally inhabited by the Agta. According to the information, and the spirit of IPRA, what procedural step is MOST critical before operations can begin?

<p>Obtaining the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) of the Agta people, ensuring they fully understand the project's implications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the list, which region is home to the Kabihug/Manide people?

<p>Bicol Region (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A conflict arises between the Waray-Waray community and a mining company. The community claims the mining operations are desecrating their ancestral lands and polluting their water sources. Which international legal principle would best support the Waray-Waray's claim?

<p>The principle of free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC), requiring indigenous communities to agree to projects affecting their land and resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the listed ICCs/IPs are located in Mindanao?

<p>Bukidnon and Bagobo-Tagabawa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Culture of Peace

A set of values and practices aimed at promoting peace through tolerance, social justice, and human rights.

Human Rights

Basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person, emphasizing dignity and equality.

Social Justice

The fair distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges within a society.

Non-violence

The practice of advocating for change without the use of violence.

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Conflict Resolution

Methods and processes aimed at resolving disputes or conflicts amicably.

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Global Citizenship

Recognizing and acting upon our responsibilities to the world and its communities.

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Indigenous Peoples

Ethnic groups who are the original inhabitants of a region, often with distinct languages and cultures.

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Murillo Velarde Map

The first comprehensive map of the Philippines, created in 1734, depicting geographical features and indigenous groups.

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Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act

Republic Act No. 8371, protects Indigenous Peoples' rights in the Philippines.

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Cultural Communities

Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICCs) refer to groups that maintain distinct cultural identities.

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Cordillera Administrative Region

A region in the Philippines known for its indigenous tribes like the Applay.

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Bicol Region

A region in the Philippines that is home to indigenous groups like Kabihug and Manide.

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Culture of War

A concept addressing the dynamics of peace, focusing on well-being and just relationships beyond mere absence of conflict.

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Positive Peace

A state where well-being and non-exploitative relations exist among people and nature.

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Waray-Waray

An indigenous group found in the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines.

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Bukidnon

An indigenous group in Northern Mindanao, known for rich cultural heritage.

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International Cooperation

Collaborative efforts among countries to achieve common goals.

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Humanitarian Considerations

Factors relating to human welfare and advocacy.

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Sustainable Development

Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations.

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Gender Inequality

The unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender.

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Gender Discrimination

Bias against a person based on their gender, affecting their societal roles.

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Overt Discrimination

Open and direct expression of bias based on gender.

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Covert Discrimination

Subtle and hidden forms of bias against individuals based on gender.

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Gender Pay Gap

The difference in earnings between men and women for the same work.

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Gender-Responsive Policies

Policies that actively promote gender equality and sensitivity in institutions.

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Training of Educators

Programs to educate school staff on gender equality and sensitivity.

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Secure Learning Environment

A safe and supportive atmosphere for all learners, regardless of gender.

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Curriculum Integration

Incorporating gender perspectives into the educational curriculum.

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Community Engagement

Involving community in promoting gender equality and education.

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Academic Performance Improvement

Enhancing student success, especially for girls and marginalized groups.

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Reduced Dropout Rates

Decreased number of students leaving school, particularly among girls.

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Gender-Sensitive Data Collection

Gathering data that considers and respects gender differences.

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Magna Carta of Women

A 2009 law in the Philippines aimed at eliminating discrimination against women and promoting their rights.

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Anti-Discrimination Act (ADA)

A 2009 law in the Philippines that prohibits discrimination based on gender, including sexual orientation.

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Reproductive Health Law (RHL)

A 2012 law that provides access to reproductive health services and information in the Philippines.

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Steps to Prevent Gender Inequality

Actions aimed at promoting gender equality and empowering women and girls.

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Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act

A 2004 law in the Philippines that criminalizes violence against women and children.

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CEDAW

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, obligates countries to eliminate discrimination.

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Gender equity

Providing equitable access to resources and opportunities for learners to eliminate disadvantages.

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Gender sensitivity

Understanding and responding to learners' unique needs based on gender.

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Non-discrimination

Protecting learners from gender-based discrimination in all forms.

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Women in Development Act

A law aimed at integrating women's concerns into decision-making for development.

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Beijing Platform for Action

A strategic framework for achieving gender equality and women's empowerment across 12 areas.

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Study Notes

Chapter 1 - Culture of Peace, Culture of War

  • Human Rights encompass dignity, social justice, equality, non-violence, conflict resolution, global citizenship, sustainable development, gender equality, and active participation (democracy)
  • Indigenous Peoples (IPs) or Lumad communities' heritage is explored
  • Murillo Velarde map, officially known as the Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de la Yslas Filipinas, was created by Jesuit Father Pedro Murillo Velarde, engraver Nicolás de la Cruz Bagay, artist Francisco Suarez
  • Etnografico del Archipielago Filipino map, based on Ferdinand Blumentritt's research, was first released by the Sociedad Geografica de Madrid in 1890

Races and Tribes of the Philippines

  • Republic Act No. 8371 (Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997) outlines various Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICCs) and Indigenous Peoples (IPs) with their respective regions (e.g., Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), Ilocos Region).

Chapter 2 - Equality and Acceptance

  • Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment of men and women
  • Gender discrimination involves biased treatment stemming from sex
  • Gender awareness involves understanding societal norms, cultures, and psychology related to gender
  • Gender issues in the Philippines include gender-based violence, sexual harassment, gender pay gaps, LGBTQ+ rights, domestic violence, and others
  • CHED Memorandum No. 1, Series of 2015 mandates higher education institutions to integrate gender and development perspectives into their policies
  • Gender-responsive basic education policy promotes equality and respect for all students, regardless of gender
  • Principles of this policy include gender equality, equitable access, and non-discrimination

Other Laws Supporting Sexuality and Gender

  • Various laws promote gender equality and sexuality, including the 1987 Constitution, the Anti-Discrimination Act of 2009, Reproductive Health Law, the Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons act, and others.
  • The Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act No. 9710) seeks to eliminate discrimination against women and promote their rights and wellbeing

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Explores human rights, the heritage of Indigenous Peoples in the Philippines, and historical maps like the Murillo Velarde and Etnografico del Archipielago Filipino. Also covers Republic Act No. 8371, related to Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICCs) and Indigenous Peoples (IPs).

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