Philippine History: Battle of Tirad Pass
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Questions and Answers

Where did the Battle of Tirad Pass take place?

  • Mount Tirad (correct)
  • Conception, Ilocos Sur
  • Cervantes
  • Caloocan
  • Who was the leader of the American forces in the Battle of Tirad Pass?

  • Manuel Tinio
  • Peyton Marc (correct)
  • Emilio Aguinaldo
  • Gregorio del Pilar
  • What role did Januario Galut play in the Battle of Tirad Pass?

  • He fought alongside the Filipino forces.
  • He was a general in the Philippine army.
  • He was a Filipino soldier captured by the Americans.
  • He led the American forces to a secret road. (correct)
  • Why did Gregorio del Pilar's forces fight so fiercely at Tirad Pass?

    <p>To protect Emilio Aguinaldo from capture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the Igorot contingent who initially fought alongside the Filipinos?

    <p>They became allies with the Americans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason given for Januario Galut's betrayal?

    <p>He felt discriminated against by his own countrymen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long did Gregorio del Pilar's delaying action at Tirad Pass last?

    <p>Five hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the majority of Gregorio del Pilar's troops at Tirad Pass?

    <p>They were killed in the battle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inconsistency arises from the primary sources regarding the Cry of Pugad Lawin?

    <p>The location of the Cry is disputed, with some sources mentioning Pugad Lawin while others claim it occurred in Balintawak. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did General Gregorio Del Pilar graduate from with a Bachelor of Arts degree?

    <p>Ateneo Municipal De Manila (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurred in March 1886 for Gregorio Del Pilar?

    <p>He graduated from Ateneo de Manila with a Bachelor of Arts degree. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are there different accounts of the Cry of Pugad Lawin?

    <p>Bonifacio and his troops moved frequently to avoid detection, resulting in various locations being reported. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was General Gregorio Del Pilar's role in the Filipino-American war?

    <p>He led a successful defense against the American forces in the mountains of Tirad, Ilocos Sur. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who did Gregorio Del Pilar succeed after the death of Antonio Luna in Nueva Ecija?

    <p>Emilio Aguinaldo, leading Aguinaldo's small army. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Battle of Paombong for Gregorio Del Pilar?

    <p>It established his reputation as a skillful military leader. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical significance does General Gregorio Del Pilar hold in the Philippines?

    <p>He is known for being the youngest general in the history of the Philippine military. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What claim did Jose Malvar make regarding the historical event involving his grandfather?

    <p>There was no surrender, only a peace agreement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the photograph involving General Bell and General Malvar depict?

    <p>A peaceful greeting without weapons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the newspapers portray the event according to Jose Malvar?

    <p>As a surrender of General Malvar. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event took place on April 15 involving General Malvar?

    <p>Descending from Mount Makiling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was reported about the crowd present at the occasion with General Bell?

    <p>They were dressed in festive attire. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was Ola born?

    <p>1865 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position did Ola achieve in his hometown?

    <p>Teniente de cuardillos (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which battle did Ola fight under General Vito Bellarmino?

    <p>Camalig (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant decision did Miguel Malvar make on April 16, 1902?

    <p>He surrendered to the Americans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened with the surrender of General Malvar?

    <p>It ceased systematic opposition to American sovereignty. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main profession of Ola's father?

    <p>Unknown (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school did Ola attend to study Philosophy?

    <p>University of Nueva Caceres (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Ola acquire arms and ammunition for the revolution?

    <p>Through his relationship with the parish priest. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main point of contention surrounding the "Cry of Rebellion"?

    <p>The exact date of the event. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is often considered the "Cry of Rebellion" by some writers?

    <p>The first military encounter with the Spanish. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the "Himno de Balintawak"?

    <p>It was a call for renewed resistance against the Spanish. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following locations is NOT mentioned as a possible site of the Cry of Rebellion?

    <p>Cavite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the disagreement among historical witnesses about the Cry?

    <p>It indicates the difficulty in reconstructing historical events based solely on eyewitness accounts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to approach accounts of the Cry with caution?

    <p>The witnesses were likely biased in their accounts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the "Cry of Rebellion" in Philippine history?

    <p>It marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT mentioned as a date that the Cry of Rebellion might have occurred?

    <p>August 27th, 1896 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Cry of Rebellion

    A revolution declaration against Spanish rule in 1896.

    Andrés Bonifacio

    Leader of the revolution who tore a tax receipt as a symbol of defiance.

    Historical conflicting views

    Different interpretations of historical events, especially the Cry.

    Pact of Biak-na-Bato

    An agreement aimed at ending hostilities between revolutionaries and Spain, which ultimately failed.

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    Primary and secondary sources

    Types of evidence used to understand historical events; first-hand accounts vs. analyses.

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    Locations of the Cry

    Identified sites for the 'Cry of Rebellion': Balintawak, Kangkong, Pugad Lawin, Bahay Toro.

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    Emilio Aguinaldo

    Revolutionary leader who inspired the movement with the 'Himno de Balintawak'.

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    Date variations of the Cry

    Different accounts suggest the Cry occurred on August 23, 24, 25, or 26, 1896.

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    Pugad Lawin

    The site where the Philippine Revolution is said to have begun on August 23, 1896.

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    Primary sources

    Original documents or evidence from a specific time period, essential for historical research.

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    Variations in dates

    Different accounts or records that provide conflicting dates for historical events.

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    General Gregorio Del Pilar

    Youngest general of Bulacan known for his defense during the Filipino-American War in 1899.

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    Battle of Tirad Pass

    A significant battle where Del Pilar defended against American troops, showcasing Filipino resilience.

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    Katipunan

    A revolutionary society founded to gain independence from Spanish rule.

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    Ateneo Municipal de Manila

    Educational institution where Gregorio Del Pilar studied and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1886.

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    Vicente Enriquez

    Colonial leader whose troops Del Pilar joined in the fight for independence.

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    Simeon Ola

    Filipino revolutionary leader from Albay who played a significant role in the 1896 Revolution.

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    Teniente de Cuardillos

    Position held by Ola, equivalent to a local chief or leader in his town.

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    Philosophy studies

    Ola attended the University of Nueva Caceres but ceased studies to join the revolution.

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    General Miguel Malvar

    The last Filipino general to surrender to American forces in 1902.

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    Teodoro Agoncillo

    Prominent historian known for his works on Philippine history, including Malvar's surrender.

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    Camalig Battle

    A notable battle during the revolution where Ola served under General Vito Bellarmino.

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    Revolution of 1896

    The uprising that aimed to gain independence from Spanish rule, which Ola joined.

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    American Sovereignty

    The control exerted by American forces over the Philippines post-Spanish rule.

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    Tirad Pass

    A mountain gap in the Cordillera where Filipino soldiers fought American troops on December 2, 1899.

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    Gen. Gregorio del Pilar

    A Filipino general who led the defense at Tirad Pass.

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    Peyton March

    Commander of the American 33rd Infantry Regiment at Tirad Pass.

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    Betrayal of Januario Galut

    An Igorot who guided U.S. troops to outflank Del Pilar's forces.

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    Aftermath of Tirad Pass

    Del Pilar's forces diminished from 60 to 8 after the battle.

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    Jose Malvar's Claim

    He stated there was a peace agreement, not a surrender with the Americans.

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    General Malvar's Meeting

    General Malvar met General Bell, which was publicized as a surrender.

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    Photograph Significance

    The photo of Malvar and Bell shows no firearms, indicating no real surrender.

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    Narrative Spin

    Newspapers framed the event as a victory, despite Malvar's perspective.

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    Historical Controversy

    The event reflects differing interpretations of surrender versus peace.

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    Study Notes

    Controversies in Philippine History

    • Philippine history features several crucial events with conflicting perspectives
    • The "Cry of Rebellion" challenges established independence narratives
    • The Battle of Tirad Pass presents conflicting perspectives on the Filipino-American War, questioning strategy and loyalty in the quest for independence
    • The surrender of the last Filipino general to the Americans raises questions about strategic choices
    • Historical accounts regarding the "Cry of Rebellion" vary significantly concerning location and time, presenting inconsistencies

    The "Cry of Rebellion"

    • Marked the beginning of a 1896 revolution in the northeast of Manila
    • Rebels declared rebellion against the Spanish colonial government
    • Filipino historian Teodoro Agoncillo notes a specific incident: Andrés Bonifacio tearing his tax receipt (cedula)
    • Eyewitness accounts differ significantly regarding the exact location and time of the "Cry"
    • Possible locations include Balintawak, Kangkong, Pugad Lawin, and Bahay Toro
    • Dates proposed range from August 23rd to 26th, 1896

    The Battle of Tirad Pass

    • Took place in December 1899, during the Philippine-American War
    • General Gregorio del Pilar, a young Bulacan general, led Filipino defenders in the Tirad Pass
    • The battle is noted for Del Pilar's heroic delaying tactics against numerically superior American forces
    • Del Pilar's actions arguably bought enough time for General Aguinaldo to escape
    • Del Pilar was killed during the skirmish, significantly impacting Filipino forces

    Last Filipino General to Surrender to the Americans

    • Simeon Ola, from Albay, is considered a prominent general
    • Miguel Malvar, is noted as the last Filipino General to surrender
    • Ola's surrender date is of conflict with other historians such as Teodoro Agoncillo, who favored Malvar
    • Accounts suggest Malvar either surrendered or reached a peace agreement with the Americans

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the Battle of Tirad Pass, a significant event in Philippine history during the Filipino-American War. This quiz covers key figures, events, and controversies surrounding the battle, including the roles of Gregorio del Pilar and Januario Galut. Dive deep into the intricacies of this historic encounter!

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