12 Questions
Whose conception of the good is often dominant in a society?
The dominant system or group
What is the primary function of ethics in human behavior?
To provide a basis for discerning accepted ethical systems
What is the Greek origin of the term 'ethics'?
Ethos, meaning custom or habitual way of doing things
What is the primary focus of normative ethics?
The basic principles of right and wrong
What is the term for the study of specific moral issues like abortion or lying?
Applied ethics
What is the term for the branch of ethics that studies the nature and methodology of moral judgments?
Metaethics
What is the Filipino equivalent of 'ethos' in Greek?
Kagawian
What is the focus of 'gawi'?
The kind of acts that people are used to accomplishing
What is the role of ethics according to the text?
A path to happiness and a guide for human obligation
What is the invitation to the Filipino student?
To outgrow kung saan ka masaya suportahan kita and get to sa dapat mong gawin ka talaga sasaya
What is one of the benefits of studying ethics/moral philosophy?
It helps us to think better about morality
What is the relationship between culture and the conception of the Good?
Culture shapes the conception of the Good
Study Notes
The Concept of Good and Ethics
- The concept of the good is shaped by culture, which is the basic system of codes that shapes human behavior.
- The good is often defined by a dominant system or group, or by what has worked for people to flourish.
- Cooperation is valued over conflict because it makes human survival easier.
Ethics and Morality
- Ethics is the philosophical study of morality.
- Morality refers to beliefs concerning right and wrong, good and bad, including judgments, values, rules, principles, and theories.
- Ethics/Morality guides our actions, defines our values, and gives us reasons for being the persons we are.
Etymology of Ethics
- The term "ethics" comes from the Greek word "ethos", which means custom, characteristic, or habitual way of doing things.
- The Latin word "mos" or "moris" is equivalent to "ethos", making "ethical" and "moral" synonymous.
Moral Philosophy
- Moral Philosophy (Ethics) involves reasoning about the ultimate questions of morality.
- It has two branches: Metaethics and Normative Ethics.
Branches of Moral Philosophy
- Metaethics studies the nature and methodology of moral judgments.
- Normative Ethics bases morality on social conventions and asks questions about basic principles of right and wrong.
- Normative Ethics has two levels: Normative Ethical Theory and Applied Ethics.
Contextualized Ethics
- Gawa refers to the free action that is oriented toward a particular end.
- Gawi refers to a free kind of work that people are used to accomplishing, equivalent to the Greek concept of "ethos" or Ethics.
- Kagawian or habitual action/habituation is the Filipino equivalent of ethos in Greek or Ethics.
Importance of Ethics
- Ethics serves as a path to happiness and reaches out in fullness of reflection for that action which is an obligation for a human being.
- It deepens our reflection on the ultimate questions of life.
- It helps us to think better about morality.
- It sharpens our general thinking.
Why Study Ethics/Moral Philosophy?
- It provides a basis for discerning our own accepted ethical systems.
- It guides our actions and defines our values.
- It helps us to think better about morality and sharpens our general thinking.
Explore the concept of ethics in Filipino culture, focusing on kagawian, gawa, and gawi. Learn how cultural values shape human behavior and the conception of good.
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