18 Questions
What were the primary subjects taught to Filipino native children in the first schools opened by the missionaries?
Reading, writing, arithmetic, and fear of God
When did the colleges for boys and girls, equivalent to high schools today, start being opened by the missionaries?
Early part of the 17th century
Who were the separate colleges originally open to before accepting native Filipinos?
Spaniards and mestizos
What did many of the Filipino native children attending the parochial schools develop due to their educational experience?
Inferiority complex
Who controlled the parochial schools in the towns of the provinces up to the middle of the 19th century?
Friars
When did university education start in the Philippines?
Early part of the 17th century
Which group of individuals were pure Spaniards born in Spain but living in the Philippines?
Peninsulares
Who were known as criollos in Spanish-held countries in South America?
Insulares
What term refers to native Filipinos?
Indios
Who were individuals of mixed ancestry, for example, Chinese-Filipino or Spanish-Filipino?
Mestizos
Which group was the Upper Class that enjoyed privileges in the social structure described?
Peninsulares
In what century was the term 'Filipino' used, according to the text?
19th century
Why did the friars react negatively to teaching the Spanish language to native Filipinos?
They believed it would lead to political and social awareness among the natives.
What was required by the Educational Decree of 1853 in the Philippines?
Establishment of an elementary school for boys and girls in each town.
What role did mestizos play in the context of education during the 19th century in the Philippines?
They were significant supporters of educational reforms.
How did the friars perceive the education system's impact on social class distinctions?
They wanted to maintain social class distinctions by controlling education access.
What was the medium of instruction mandated for schools under the Educational Decree of 1853?
Spanish language under Jesuit supervision.
How did the friars' actions impact the development of Filipino natives during the 19th century?
Restricted political and social awareness among natives.
Study Notes
Education in the 19th Century
- By the end of the 19th century, the only higher education institution in the Philippines was the University of Santo Tomas.
- The Educational Decree of 1853 required the establishment of one elementary school for boys and one for girls in each town of the Philippine provinces.
- The decree also provided for the establishment of schools for training teachers, with the Spanish language as the medium of instruction.
Friars' Reaction to Education
- Friars reacted negatively to the teaching of Spanish to native Filipinos, fearing it would lead to their knowledge and development of political and social awareness about the Spanish government.
- They suppressed the opportunity to learn, wanting to keep the Filipino natives or "Indios" ignorant.
Early Schools in the Philippines
- The first schools were parochial schools opened by missionaries in their parishes, teaching reading, writing, arithmetic, and vocational arts.
- These schools were under the control of the friars until the mid-19th century, focusing on teaching fear of God and obedience to the friars.
- Primary education was not given attention despite the establishment of parochial schools in the towns of the provinces.
Colleges and University Education
- Separate colleges for boys and girls were opened by missionaries, equivalent to modern high schools, teaching subjects like history, Latin, geography, mathematics, and philosophy.
- These colleges originally only accepted Spaniards and those with Spanish blood, but began accepting native Filipinos in the 19th century.
- University education was started in the Philippines during the early part of the 17th century.
Social Structure
- The feudalism established by the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines in the 19th century resulted in a master-slave relationship between the Spaniards and native Filipinos.
- The Spanish government imposed taxes and tributes, and required forced labor from the native Filipinos.
- Lands were owned by wealthy Spanish officials, businessmen, and friars, making native Filipinos tenants of their own land.
Social Classes
- The upper class consisted of peninsulares (pure Spaniards born in Spain) who enjoyed the highest social status.
- The term "Filipino" was only used in 1898 or after the Spanish rule to refer to native Filipinos.
Explore the history of higher education and educational decrees in the Philippines by the end of the 19th century. Learn about the establishment of elementary schools and teacher training institutions during this period.
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