Philippine Economic Issues: Infrastructure & Inequality

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates how infrastructure deficiency directly impacts the quality of life in a Philippine city?

  • A city experiencing frequent power outages, disrupting business operations and residential activities. (correct)
  • A city that has a high number of international companies relocating and moving their headquarters.
  • A city where the local government heavily subsidizes transportation for all residents.
  • A city with a surplus of housing which causes property values to plummet.

How does corruption most significantly constrain economic growth in the Philippines, according to the content?

  • By increasing the efficiency of government services through streamlined processes.
  • By enabling unequal competition through bribes and distorting market mechanisms. (correct)
  • By encouraging fair competition and lowering barriers to entry for new businesses.
  • By establishing strict ethical guidelines for public officials, creating an environment of accountability.

Which initiative directly addresses income inequality by providing conditional cash grants for education and health to underprivileged families?

  • Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)
  • Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
  • Ease of Doing Business Act (RA 11032)
  • Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) (correct)

Miriam Defensor Santiago's contribution to CARP primarily focused on which aspect of agrarian reform?

<p>Extending land acquisition and distribution, as well as bolstering support services for farmers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does underdeveloped infrastructure most directly affect the Philippines' ability to participate in global trade?

<p>It increases the cost and time associated with trade, making exports less competitive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of RA 11032, also known as the Ease of Doing Business Act, in the context of global trade issues?

<p>To streamline government processes and reduce bureaucratic hurdles for businesses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the condition of 'underemployment' in the Philippine labor market?

<p>A scenario where individuals are employed but work fewer hours than they desire or in jobs that do not fully utilize their skills or education. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does slow industrial growth contribute to unemployment in the Philippines?

<p>It limits the creation of new jobs, particularly in manufacturing and related sectors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of high unemployment rates on the Philippines' Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

<p>It can lead to a reduction in consumer spending. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which government agency primarily focuses on providing vocational training and skills development programs to address the skills gap in the Philippine workforce?

<p>Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct consequence of widespread poverty in the Philippines?

<p>Increased participation in informal working arrangements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does overpopulation contribute to the persistence of poverty in the Philippines?

<p>By creating downward pressure on wage rates due to a surplus of labor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which BBM administration initiative focuses on hiring unemployed individuals as builders, addressing both unemployment and infrastructure needs?

<p>Assistance to Youth and Unemployed for Development and Advancement (AYUDA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which government program uses community-driven development to reduce poverty by involving local residents in project identification, planning, and implementation?

<p>Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI-CIDSS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which private sector initiative provides scholarships to underprivileged students to help them access higher education?

<p>Ayala Foundation U-Go Scholarship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Lorenz Curve illustrate in the context of economic inequality?

<p>The distribution of income or wealth within a population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does informal employment contribute to income inequality in the Philippines?

<p>It often involves low wages and a lack of job security, exacerbating income disparities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of a significant 'skills gap' in the Philippine workforce?

<p>Difficulty in attracting high-value investments and higher unemployment rates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates how 'price-sensitive goods' affect the Philippines' involvement in global trade?

<p>Goods that are more prone to demand changes cause trade issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between infrastructure development and trade routes?

<p>Poor infrastructure development negatively impacts trade routes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Infrastructure Deficiency

Deficiencies in transport, energy, internet, and water infrastructure impacting quality of life.

Lorenz Curve

A visual representation of income distribution, showing cumulative income percentage held by the population.

Informal Employment

Jobs that earn less than a living wage, often without benefits or security.

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)

A program providing cash, health, and educational grants to families meeting specific conditions.

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Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)

Program to redistribute land to farmers, promoting social justice and industrialization.

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Republic Act No. 9700

Law extending land acquisition/distribution from CARP and strengthening support for farmers.

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Corruption

Businesses face unequal competition due to graft and corruption.

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Undeveloped infrastructure

Affects ability to trade, leads to delays and increased expenses.

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RA 11032 (Ease of Doing Business Act)

Law to streamline government processes and make doing business easier.

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Unemployment

A situation where individuals lack employment.

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Underemployment

Being employed but working part-time or in a job that is not financially sustainable.

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Skill gap

Skills not matching job requirements

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Impacts of unemployment

Impacts GDP, families, and businesses.

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TESDA

Government agency providing skills training and development programs.

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Philippine Employment Service Office (PESO)

Government agency assisting job seekers with employment opportunities.

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Poverty

State where an individual lacks the necessary financial resources for basic living.

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Main causes of poverty

Insufficient economic growth, overpopulation, too few jobs.

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Impacts of Poverty

Food insecurity, reduced education, poor healthcare access.

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Assistance to Youth and Unemployed for Development and Advancement (AYUDA)

Hiring unemployed individuals as builders to boost economic growth.

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Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI-CIDSS)

A national strategy to reduce poverty through community-driven development projects.

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Study Notes

  • The Philippines faces several economic issues that hinder its progress and the quality of life for its citizens.

Infrastructure Deficiency

  • Poor infrastructure leads to a poorer quality of life for residents.
  • Infrastructure lacking includes transport, energy, internet, and water resources.
  • Government initiatives to address infrastructure deficiency include President Duterte's "Build Build Build" program.
  • The Philippines Development Plan, under President BBM Jr., also targets infrastructure improvements.

Income Inequality

  • Income inequality is prevalent.
  • A Lorenz Curve is used to graphically represent the distribution of income or wealth within a population.
  • Many jobs do not pay a living wage, increasing wealth inequality.
  • The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) by DWSD provides conditional cash grants for education and health.
  • The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) aims to redistribute land to farmers and farmworkers.
  • Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago co-authored Republic Act No. 9700, which extended land acquisition and strengthened support services for farmers.

Global Trade Issues

  • Corruption constrains the economy through bribes and unequal competition.
  • Undeveloped infrastructure affects trade routes.
  • Price-sensitive goods affect Trade.
  • Republic Act 11032, also known as the Ease of Doing Business Act, seeks to streamline processes.
  • TESDA programs enhance skills for global trade participation.

Unemployment

  • Unemployment is caused by a lack of jobs.
  • Underemployment occurs when individuals are employed but work part-time or in unsustainable jobs.
  • Slow industrial growth, low-wage jobs, and a skill gap in the work industry contribute to unemployment and underemployment.
  • Unemployment and underemployment impact the GDP, businesses, and families, leading to poverty and informal jobs.
  • Government solutions include the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).
  • Other government programs include the Philippine Employment Service Office (PESO) and the Government Internship Program (GIP).

Poverty

  • Poverty is a state where individuals lack the financial resources necessary for basic living.
  • Main causes of poverty: lack of economic growth, overpopulation, and lack of job opportunities.
  • Poverty affects food security, education, healthcare, and can lead to informal working and a weaker economy.
  • Government actions include the Assistance to Youth and Unemployed for Development and Advancement (AYUDA).
  • Other government programs include Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI-CIDSS), and the National Anti-Poverty Commission.
  • Private sector initiatives include GMA Kapuso Foundation outreaches.
  • Further initiatives include Ayala Foundation U-Go Scholarship, SM Scholarship program and ABS-CBN Foundation outreaches.

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