Questions and Answers
What is Cyberspace?
The non-physical terrain created by computer systems, consisting of computer networks and the worldwide network of computer networks that use TCP/IP protocols.
Which of the following describes digital infrastructures? (Select all that apply)
Cyberspace is differentiated from physical space where the latter refers to the ethereal reality.
False
What role do digital infrastructures play in the Philippine economy?
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The ____ are organizations that provide gateways between packet-switching networks and Public Switching Telephone Networks.
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the Philippine Cyberspace?
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What are Enterprise Networks or Intranets?
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What is a primary function of digital infrastructures in the Philippines?
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Why are digital infrastructures considered strategic resources?
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What type of networks do Enterprise Networks or Intranets typically consist of?
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What could be a consequence of the disruption of digital infrastructures?
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How do Local Internet Service Providers (ISPs) function?
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Which of the following is a critical business operation reliant on digital infrastructures?
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What role do digital infrastructures play in non-government institutions?
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What kind of impact do digital infrastructures have on the Philippine economy?
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What is one major risk associated with the standardization of technology?
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How does information and communication technology (ICT) serve as a force multiplier?
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What prompted the international community to create guidelines for cyber security?
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What was the significant UN effort regarding cybersecurity in 2002?
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Which of the following is an outcome of adopting guidelines for cyber security?
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What role do member states have as per the UN's Global Culture of Cybersecurity resolution?
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What can potentially be a consequence of a personal computer connected to a network?
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Which factor contributes to the effectiveness of ICT for criminal organizations?
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What type of intelligence can be gathered from cyberspace?
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What is a common motivation behind cyber crimes?
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What is the main objective of Republic Act 8484, also known as the Access Devices Regulation Act of 1998?
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What does the interdependency of digital infrastructures imply?
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What is NOT a type of cyber crime?
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In terms of cybersecurity, what escalating factor is associated with globalization?
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Which legislation created the Commission on Information and Communications Technology in the Philippines?
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What does Executive Order No 467 primarily focus on?
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Which act was enacted primarily to address the potential issues related to the Year 2000 (Y2K) bug?
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What is a primary concern related to the increasing dependency on information and communication systems?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of cyber crimes?
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What is one of the primary concerns of Republic Act 7935?
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Which of the following best describes the goal of APEC's counterterrorism statement from October 21, 2001?
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What is one requirement for effective cyber security according to APEC?
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By when did ASEAN commit to establishing National Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs)?
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What is essential for law enforcement officials to combat computer-related crimes effectively?
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What shared initiative was established by ASEAN members to aid in cybersecurity threat assessments?
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How does the rapid growth of critical cyber infrastructures impact security?
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What is a potential consequence of failing to establish cybersecurity laws in an economy?
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Which key element is vital for protecting critical infrastructure in the context of cybersecurity?
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What role does ethics play in the context of cybersecurity as highlighted in the content?
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Study Notes
The Philippine Cyberspace
- Cyberspace is a non-physical domain created by computer systems, comprising networks that use TCP/IP protocols for data exchange.
- Distinction between physical space (visible) and cyberspace (ethereal reality of information transmission).
- Real aspects of cyberspace include physical components like servers, routers, and cables, all part of digital or cyber infrastructures.
Definition of Cyberspace
- Cyberspace involves information posting, exploitation, manipulation, and trading via communication and information system networks.
- Created through interaction and collaboration among people and organizations, relying on physical infrastructure networks.
Significance of Digital Infrastructures
- Digital infrastructures are critical for managing vital sectors such as power plants, electric grids, transportation, and financial institutions.
- Essential for daily operations of businesses and government, aiding in communication, payroll, inventory tracking, and research functions.
- Considered strategic resources vital for national economic development, security, and overall well-being.
- Disruption or destruction of these infrastructures poses significant threats to national security.
Components of Cyberspace
- Includes digital infrastructures that connect national, regional, and global information networks.
- Enterprise Networks/Intranets: Independent local and wide area networks supporting organizational business applications.
- Local Internet Service Providers (ISPs): Gateways connecting packet-switching networks with Public Switching Telephone Networks (PSTN) for internet access.
- Regional Network Providers (RNPs): Offer WANs across large areas; act as integrators for client/server systems and provide internet services.
- Internet Backbone: Composed of organizations providing core internet infrastructure and connectivity services
Significance of Digital Infrastructures
- Digital infrastructures are essential platforms for various sectors in the Philippines, facilitating operations in social, political, military, and economic functions.
- Critical for managing power plants, electric grids, transportation, air traffic control, and financial institutions.
- Essential for daily business operations, influencing communication, payroll, inventory tracking, research, and food production.
- Considered strategic resources vital for economic development, security, and national competitiveness.
- Disruption of these infrastructures poses severe threats to national security.
Components of Digital Infrastructures
- Enterprise Networks/Intranets: Comprise local area networks (LAN) and wide area networks (WAN) interconnected via telecommunication channels for organizational applications.
- Local Internet Service Providers (ISPs): Serve as gateways to the Internet, primarily accessing it through telephone lines, and are sometimes termed second-level ISPs.
Challenges in Cyber Infrastructure Protection
- Foreign Intelligence: Governments and military agencies may exploit cyberspace for strategic intelligence gathering, including monitoring political and economic conditions.
- Cyber Crimes: Encompasses unauthorized access to networks, hacking, data theft, sabotage, and other illicit activities motivated by personal gain or political motives.
Increasing Risks to Cyber Infrastructure
- Rising dependence on digital systems for personal and business functions heightens vulnerability to cyber threats.
- Interconnectedness of infrastructures means that failure in one can critically impact others.
- Globalization demands real-time information sharing; failures can result in significant economic losses.
- Standardization across technologies creates common vulnerabilities that can be exploited.
- ICT serves as a force multiplier for both legitimate and malicious actors, offering speed, anonymity, and low-cost opportunities for disruption.
International and Domestic Cyber Security Regimes
- Global acknowledgment of cybersecurity as a vital international issue prompts collaborative efforts to protect cyber infrastructures.
- The Philippines embraces international guidelines for improving its own cyber security measures.
International Cyber Security Frameworks
- United Nations: Adopted Resolution 57/239 focusing on creating a global culture of cybersecurity, emphasizing elements like awareness, risk assessment, and accountability.
- APEC: Stressed the importance of establishing legal frameworks to combat cybercrime, ensuring cooperation among economies for investigation and prosecution of tech-facilitated offenses.
- ASEAN: Committed to forming National Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) and sharing threat and vulnerability assessment frameworks among member countries.
Legal Regime in the Philippines
- The regulatory framework for cyberspace in the Philippines includes several key legislations:
- Republic Act 7935: Regulates the telecommunications industry.
- Republic Act 8484: Addresses access device fraud and regulates specific access devices.
- Executive Order No 467: Governs satellite telecommunications facilities and services.
- Republic Act 8747: Ensures readiness against the Y2K issue for computer systems and services.
- Executive Order 269: Established the Commission on Information and Communications Technology for overseeing ICT initiatives.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of cyberspace as a non-physical domain constructed by computer networks. It delves into the importance of digital infrastructures and their roles in various critical sectors. Test your understanding of the distinctions between physical and ethereal realities in the context of information transmission.
