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Questions and Answers
Who was appointed president by the National Assembly in 1943?
Who was appointed president by the National Assembly in 1943?
What was the purpose of the 1967 Philippine Congress resolution?
What was the purpose of the 1967 Philippine Congress resolution?
When did Marcos begin his presidency?
When did Marcos begin his presidency?
What was the outcome of the 1969 election?
What was the outcome of the 1969 election?
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When did the Constitutional Convention begin?
When did the Constitutional Convention begin?
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What was proclaimed by Presidential Decree 1081 on September 21, 1972?
What was proclaimed by Presidential Decree 1081 on September 21, 1972?
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What was the role of the Prime Minister in the 1973 Constitution?
What was the role of the Prime Minister in the 1973 Constitution?
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What was the significance of the 'Citizen Assemblies' on October 16-17, 1976?
What was the significance of the 'Citizen Assemblies' on October 16-17, 1976?
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What was the effect of the 1981 Amendment to the 1973 Constitution?
What was the effect of the 1981 Amendment to the 1973 Constitution?
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What was the role of the Executive Committee created in 1981?
What was the role of the Executive Committee created in 1981?
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What was the intention behind the 1973 Constitution?
What was the intention behind the 1973 Constitution?
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Study Notes
The 1943 Constitution
- Drafted by the Preparatory Committee for Philippine Independence appointed by the Philippine Executive Commission
- Promised independence by Premier Hideki Tojo in 1942
- Ratified in 1943 by an assembly of appointed provincial representatives of Kalibapi
- Jose P. Laurel was appointed president by the National Assembly and declared a state of war against the US and British Empire
- Recognized as a former president by the Macapagal administration
The 1973 Constitution (1973-1986)
- Fernando Marcos was inaugurated as president in 1965
- The Philippine Congress passed a resolution in 1967 calling for a Constitutional Convention (Con-Con) to change the 1935 constitution
- Marcos was re-elected in 1969 amid allegations of overspending and misuse of government funds during the campaign period
- Elections for Con-Con delegates were held on November 20, 1970
- The Con-Con began on June 1, 1971, with Carlos P. Romulo as convention president
- The 1973 Constitution introduced a parliamentary-style government
- Legislative power was vested in the unicameral National Assembly, elected for a six-year term
- A president was chosen from the National Assembly, with ceremonial duties and unlimited re-election capabilities
- Executive power was exercised by the Prime Minister, also elected by the National Assembly
- The Prime Minister was head of government and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
- The constitution was amended four times
- "Citizen Assemblies" ratified the amendments on October 16-17, 1976
- The President also became the Prime Minister and continued to exercise legislative powers until martial law was lifted
- The Sixth Amendment authorized the President to legislate on an "emergency" basis
- Amendments in 1980 and 1981 further modified the parliamentary system into a French-style semi-presidential system
- Executive power was restored to the President
- Direct election of the president was restored
- An Executive Committee was created to assist the President
- Electoral reforms were instituted
- The 1984 amendment abolished the Executive Committee and restored the position of Vice-President
- The 1973 Constitution initially provided a true parliamentary system, but was manipulated by Marcos to consolidate power
- The Senate was eventually abolished, and the House of Representatives became known as the Batasang Pambansa
- Departments became "Ministries", cabinet secretaries became "cabinet ministers", and the Executive Secretary became the "Prime Minister"
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Description
Test your knowledge of the 1943 and 1973 Constitutions of the Philippines, including their drafting, ratification, and key figures involved. Learn about the historical context and significance of these important documents in Philippine history.
