Philippine Constitution Lesson 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a constitution?

  • To outline the individual rights of citizens
  • To prescribe the framework of the system of government (correct)
  • To define international relations and treaties
  • To serve as a theoretical document without legal standing

Which of the following statements about the nature of constitutions is true?

  • Some constitutions can be uncodified, such as the UK's. (correct)
  • The length of a constitution determines its effectiveness.
  • All constitutions are codified and written documents.
  • A constitution solely focuses on the rights of citizens.

Which constitution holds the record for being the longest in the world?

  • The UK's constitution
  • The constitution of Monaco
  • The U.S. constitution
  • The Indian constitution (correct)

What aspect of a constitution creates limitations on government power?

<p>The individual rights defined (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following qualities is essential for a good written constitution?

<p>Clarity in defining government powers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato?

<p>To secure independence from the Spanish monarchy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the individuals responsible for writing the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato?

<p>Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What language was declared the official language under the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato?

<p>Tagalog (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure composed the government established by the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato?

<p>A Supreme Council with several key positions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following powers was NOT granted to the Supreme Council under the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato?

<p>To dissolve the government at will (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the political situation that led to the formulation of the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato?

<p>A stalemate in the Philippine Revolution against Spain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a unique feature of the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato compared to the original constitution from Cuba?

<p>Its preamble emphasized the goal of independence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of government was established under the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato?

<p>Republican form of government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who served as the Senate President when the new Philippine Legislature was inaugurated?

<p>Manuel Quezon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the two resident commissioners sent to the US as established by the Jones Law?

<p>To observe the proceedings of the US Congress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant law was approved by US Congress on March 24, 1934, concerning Philippine independence?

<p>Tydings-McDuffie Law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the ratification of the 1935 Constitution?

<p>A plebiscite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which provision was included for the first time in the 1935 Constitution?

<p>Women’s suffrage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which historical event did the 1943 Constitution act as a governing document?

<p>World War II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguished the 1943 Constitution from the 1935 Constitution?

<p>It focused on citizen duties rather than rights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the 1943 Constitution after the liberation of the Philippines in 1945?

<p>It was replaced by the 1935 Constitution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Constitutional Convention convene to write a new constitution under President Ferdinand Marcos?

<p>June 1, 1971 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major outcome expected from the 1971 Constitutional Convention?

<p>To address governance challenges post-1946 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which article in the 1943 Constitution was notably absent due to the wartime conditions?

<p>Legislative assembly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a main concern raised during the constitutional convention in relation to President Marcos?

<p>Accusations of bribing delegates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the President inaugurated under the 1943 Constitution?

<p>José Laurel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features was maintained in both the 1935 and 1943 Constitutions?

<p>A framework for executive, legislative, and judicial branches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major action did Marcos take on September 21, 1972, that affected the constitutional convention?

<p>Declared martial law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form of government was established under the 1973 Constitution?

<p>Parliamentary system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did the amendments in 1981 bring to the 1973 Constitution?

<p>Restoration of the President's powers as chief executive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate power did President Aquino retain under the Freedom Constitution?

<p>Legislative powers until a legislature was convened (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prompted the call for a Constitutional Commission in 1986?

<p>The need for a more democratic constitution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the plebiscite held on February 2, 1987?

<p>The 1987 Constitution was overwhelmingly ratified (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant provision was included in the 1987 Constitution regarding human rights?

<p>Creation of a Commission on Human Rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major criticisms of the 1973 Constitution during its ratification?

<p>The method of its ratification through citizen assemblies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following provisions was NOT part of the 1987 Constitution?

<p>Restoration of the death penalty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the Constitutional Commission that drafted the 1987 Constitution?

<p>Cecilia Munoz Palma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the end of the 1973 Constitution?

<p>The 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which article in the 1987 Constitution emphasizes citizens' rights?

<p>Article III (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the first acts of the Malolos Congress upon its formation?

<p>Ratifying the declaration of independence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proposal generated heated discussion during the drafting of the Malolos Constitution?

<p>Union of Church and State (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant feature did the Malolos Constitution emphasize?

<p>Separation of powers among government branches (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was initially opposed to creating a government recognized by foreign powers?

<p>Apolinario Mabini (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Malolos Constitution approved by President Aguinaldo?

<p>1899 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the term length for the president under the Malolos Constitution?

<p>Four years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What established the official recognition of the first Philippine Republic?

<p>Reading of the Malolos Constitution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What document was created during the American colonial period for governance reform?

<p>Jones Law of 1916 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Malolos Constitution address the relationship between Church and State?

<p>Ensured freedom of religion and separation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge faced the first Philippine Republic shortly after its establishment?

<p>Outbreak of the Philippine-American War (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic defined the governance style of the first Philippine Republic?

<p>Promotion of social services and education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which constitution is recognized as the first republican constitution in Asia?

<p>1899 Malolos Constitution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main criticisms Mabini had regarding the proposed Malolos Constitution?

<p>It concentrated power in the legislative body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivated the convening of the Malolos Congress?

<p>To establish a government following independence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Constitution Definition

A constitution is the main law of a country, outlining its government's structure and powers, as well as citizen's rights.

Constitution's Role

Defines the government's structure, power, and limits, and sets forth individual rights.

Fundamental Law

A nation's most important law, establishing the core principles of governance.

Written vs Unwritten Constitutions

Some countries' constitutions are written down formally, while others are based on laws, court decisions, and agreements.

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Constitution's Purpose (Framework)

The constitution outlines the type of government and its organization.

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Biak-na-Bato Constitution

The first Philippine constitution, created during the 1897 revolutionary government, outlining a republican system with specific government powers.

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Purpose of the Revolution

The Biak-na-Bato Constitution's preamble stated the revolution's goal was to separate the Philippines from Spain and establish an independent nation with its own government.

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Supreme Council

The core of the government under the Biak-na-Bato Constitution, composed of a President, Vice-President, and Secretaries for various departments.

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Powers of the Supreme Council

The Supreme Council had extensive authority to issue laws, impose taxes, raise an army, make treaties, and convene an assembly.

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Biak-na-Bato Constitution's Inspiration

The Constitution of Biak-na-Bato was largely based on the Constitution of Jimaguayu, Cuba, which offered a model for a republican government.

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Official Language

The Biak-na-Bato Constitution declared Tagalog as the official language of the revolutionary government.

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Why was the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato significant?

It represented the first attempt to establish a formal, recognized government during the revolution and outline a framework for an independent Philippines.

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What happened to the Biak-na-Bato government?

The Biak-na-Bato government was short-lived. Despite its significance, it was disbanded as part of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, a truce agreement with Spain.

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Malolos Constitution

The first republican constitution in the Philippines, established in 1899, outlining the governance of the First Philippine Republic.

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First Philippine Republic

The government established under the Malolos Constitution, with Emilio Aguinaldo as president. It was short-lived, lasting from 1899 to 1901.

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Separation of Church and State

A principle enshrined in the Malolos Constitution, guaranteeing freedom of religion and preventing the government from interfering with religious affairs.

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Presidential Form of Government

The system of governance outlined in the Malolos Constitution, where an elected president heads the executive branch.

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Bill of Rights

The section of the Malolos Constitution guaranteeing basic rights and liberties to all Filipinos, including freedom of speech, religion, and assembly.

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Popular, Representative, and Responsible Government

A key concept in the Malolos Constitution emphasizing that the government should reflect the will of the people through elected representatives.

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Jones Law

A 1916 U.S. law that granted greater autonomy to the Philippines, establishing a Filipino-led legislature and a Cabinet, but with an American Governor-General still in place.

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Philippine Autonomy Act

Another name for the Jones Law, highlighting the increased autonomy granted to the Philippines under U.S. rule.

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Filipinization Policy

The policy implemented under Governor-General Harrison, aiming to place more Filipinos in important government positions during the American colonial period.

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Philippine Assembly

A legislature created in 1907 by the Americans, where Filipinos had a voice in government affairs, marking an initial step towards self-rule.

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Demise of the First Philippine Republic

The fall of the Malolos Republic marked by the outbreak of the Philippine-American War and Aguinaldo's capture in 1901, leading to the establishment of American colonial rule.

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1935 Constitution

A landmark document establishing the Commonwealth Government, which provided Filipinos with a greater degree of self-governance under U.S. supervision.

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Commonwealth Government

A period in Philippine history from 1935 to 1946, marked by greater Filipino self-governance under U.S. supervision, leading towards eventual independence.

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Council of State

An advisory body formed by Governor-General Harrison to assist him in governing the Philippines.

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Tydings-McDuffie Law

A US law that granted independence to the Philippines but with a 10-year transitional period under the Commonwealth Government.

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What did the 1935 Constitution establish?

It established the Commonwealth of the Philippines, a government that was meant to prepare the country for independence and led to the creation of the Republic of the Philippines after the 10-year transition.

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What were the key features of the 1935 Constitution?

It defined the powers and duties of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, created the General Auditing Office, and set up the civil service framework for the Philippines.

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What were the other significant provisions of the 1935 Constitution?

It included a Bill of Rights, women's suffrage, the establishment of a Philippine Armed Forces for national defense, and the development of a national language.

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Second Philippine Republic

A republic established by Japanese forces during the Second World War, replacing the Commonwealth Government with a constitution favoring Japanese interests.

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What were the key features of the 1943 Constitution?

It was a simplified version of the 1935 Constitution, focusing on the executive branch, emphasizing duties and obligations of citizens instead of rights, and declaring Tagalog as the national language.

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How was the 1943 Constitution perceived?

It was recognized by the Japanese-controlled areas of the Philippines but rejected by the US and the Commonwealth government in exile.

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What was the purpose of the 1973 Constitution?

It was intended to modernize the Philippine government and address the challenges facing the country, but it became a tool for President Marcos to extend his power.

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Batasang Pambansa

The legislative body under the 1973 Constitution, similar to a parliament.

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Martial Law Era

The period from 1972 to 1986 in the Philippines when President Marcos imposed martial law, suspending civil liberties and consolidating power.

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Citizen Assemblies

Groups of people formed by Marcos to approve the 1973 Constitution without a traditional plebiscite.

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1981 Amendments

Changes to the 1973 Constitution restoring the President's power as head of state and chief executive, making it more presidential.

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EDSA Revolution (1986)

A non-violent uprising that toppled the Marcos regime and led to the establishment of a new government under President Corazon Aquino.

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Freedom Constitution (1986)

A temporary constitution adopted by President Aquino's administration after the EDSA Revolution, transitioning to a new constitution.

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Constitutional Commission (CONCOM)

A body formed to draft a new Philippine Constitution, initiated by President Aquino.

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Bicameral Congress

The legislative branch of the 1987 Constitution, composed of a Senate and a House of Representatives.

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Modified Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights included in the 1987 Constitution, emphasizing protection against abuses after the Marcos era.

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Commission on Human Rights

A body created by the 1987 Constitution to investigate human rights violations and protect rights.

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Autonomous Regions

Regions with special political status recognized by the 1987 Constitution, such as the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao.

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Local Government Code

A law established under the 1987 Constitution to define powers and responsibilities for local governments.

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Study Notes

Main Topic IV: The Philippine Constitution

  • Intended Learning Outcomes: Analyze the context, content, and perspectives of various sources, and formulate arguments for or against a particular issue.

  • Objectives: Discuss concepts and ideas about constitutions, recognize their purposes and classifications, explore essential qualities and salient parts of a good constitution, and create a topic diary using comic strips.

Lesson 1: The Meaning of a Constitution

  • A. Constitution Defined: A constitution is the fundamental law of a nation/state, defining the characteristics, and basic principles of government. Essentially, it outlines the rules and frameworks of a government's structure and operations.

  • A constitution codifies (writes down) the rules and principles by which an organization (a nation, etc) is managed. It defines the rights of individuals and establishes limitations on government power. This is considered the highest expression of the law.

  • Example of uncodified constitutions: The UK constitution is not written down in one document, but is composed of numerous statutes, legislative acts, court decisions, and treaties.

  • Longest written constitution: India's constitution is the longest, containing 444 articles in 22 parts, 12 schedules, and 118 amendments (146,585 words in English).

  • Shortest written constitution: The constitution of Monaco is the shortest with 10 chapters, 97 articles, and 3,814 words.

  • B. Purposes of a Constitution: The constitution prescribes the framework of the system (or kind of government) which will be used by a nation/state.

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Explore the foundational elements of the Philippine Constitution in this quiz. You will learn the definition, purpose, and essential qualities of a constitution while analyzing its impact on governance. Engage with various sources and perspectives to deepen your understanding of constitutional principles.

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