Philippine Constitution and Criminal Law Quiz

Questions and Answers

What must occur for a person not to be deprived of life, liberty, or property in the Philippines?

Judgment by a jury

A fair trial with due process of law (correct)

Imprisonment without trial

Immediate sentencing

What defines a 'body of a crime'?

The facts and circumstances proving a crime was committed (correct)

Eyewitness testimonies only

The physical body of the victim

A document proving a crime occurred

What was introduced by the Statute of Winchester during the Westminster period?

Mandatory sentencing guidelines

The abolition of local policing

Curfew laws for minors only

The system of Watch and Ward (correct)

Under what circumstance can curfew be imposed in the Philippines?

Based on local government ordinances Signup and view all the answers

What is classified as a Status Offense in the Philippine context?

Curfew violations by minors Signup and view all the answers

What authority was given to Justices of the Peace during the Westminster period?

Pursue arrest and imprison law violators Signup and view all the answers

What motivated the initiation of the closing of gates of London during sundown?

Establishing curfew hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of local governments in enforcing watch and ward systems in the Philippines?

To have flexibility based on local laws and ordinances Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Star Chamber Court when it was first established?

To try offenders against the state Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the powers given to judges in the Star Chamber Court?

Judges could force testimony from defendants Signup and view all the answers

Who organized the Bow Street Runners in London?

Henry Fielding Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Night Watchmen or Bellmen play in modern policing?

They were responsible for patrolling roads at night Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the Bow Street Horse Patrol?

It was formed to secure travelers from highway bandits Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of William Pitt's proposal for a police force in London?

It faced immediate and considerable opposition Signup and view all the answers

What were the Night Watchmen known for carrying during their duty?

Rattles Signup and view all the answers

What dual function did the Star Chamber Court serve later in its history?

Civil rights determination and revenue generation Signup and view all the answers

What was the main function of the Philippine Constabulary as stated in the Revised Administrative Code of 1917?

To preserve peace, keep order, and enforce the law Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the father of the Philippine Constabulary?

Capt. Henry T. Allen Signup and view all the answers

Which Act established the National Bureau of Investigation in the Philippines?

Republic Act 157 Signup and view all the answers

When was the Philippine Constabulary officially established?

October 3, 1901 Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of the Kempeitai during its existence?

To perform functions of military police for the Imperial Japanese Navy Signup and view all the answers

What did Republic Act 4864 (1966) create?

A Police Commission under the office of the President Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first Filipino Chief of Police of the Philippine Constabulary?

Brig/Gen. Rafael Crame Signup and view all the answers

What does the 1987 Philippine Constitution state regarding a national police force?

It shall be organized to preserve public order and enforce the law. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the ex-officio members of the Police Commission established by Republic Act 4864?

Director of the National Bureau of Investigation and Chief of the Philippine Constabulary Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of Republic Act 6040?

To empower the Police Commission to conduct appropriate examinations Signup and view all the answers

What significant change was introduced by Republic Act 6506?

Appointment of a Board of Examiners for criminologists Signup and view all the answers

Which law aimed at the professionalization of police services and was also known as the Tolentino Law?

Republic Act 4864 Signup and view all the answers

What was a key outcome of Republic Act 6975 enacted in 1990?

Establishment of the Philippine National Police Signup and view all the answers

What significant reform did Republic Act 8551 bring to the Philippine National Police?

Provided for the reformation and professionalization of the PNP Signup and view all the answers

Which legislative act established the Integrated National Police?

Presidential Decree # 765 Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main objectives of Republic Act 11200?

To reform the ranking system of the Philippine National Police Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Duty Manual?

To describe procedures and define duties of officers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Special Orders?

They are usually temporary and specific Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a patrol officer within the police department?

To serve as the backbone of the police department Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'delegate' in the context of supervision mean?

To give responsibility and authority to another Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of the police organization?

Utilizing trained personnel in public safety administration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tasks is NOT one of the main tasks of supervision?

Communicate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of community policing?

To involve citizens in crime prevention Signup and view all the answers

What type of orders relates specifically to personnel actions?

Personnel Orders Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Constitutional Rights and Crime Evidence

No one in the Philippines can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process (Sec 1, Art 3).
The body of a victim serves as crucial evidence in murder cases; however, it is not the sole proof of a crime.
The "body of a crime" encompasses facts and circumstances establishing that a crime was committed, irrespective of the victim's body being found.

Historical Policing Systems in England

The Statute of Winchester (1285-1500) introduced the Watch and Ward system, allowing local governance in the Philippines to employ barangay tanods for night patrols.
The Statute of 1295 mandated the closure of London gates, establishing curfew hours, which are dependent on local ordinances in the Philippines.
Justice of the Peace: Engaged respected civilians to arrest, chastise, and imprison law violators; abolished roughly 75 years later.
The Star Chamber Court (1487) initially focused on state offenders but expanded to civil rights and treasury functions, leveraging significant judicial power.

Modern Policing Developments in England

Night Watchmen/Bellmen were introduced under King Charles II, tasked with nighttime security, identifiable by their rattles.
Bow Street Runners, organized by Henry Fielding in 1740, were the first formal police force addressing highway thefts in London.
William Pitt's 1785 proposal for a formal police force met resistance but aimed to continue the work of the Bow Street Runners.

Development of Police Institutions in the Philippines

The Philippine Constabulary was established on October 3, 1901, replacing the insular constabulary under Act No. 255.
Capt. Henry T. Allen, recognized as the father of the constabulary, served as its first chief.
The Revised Administrative Code (1917) defined the Philippine Constabulary's roles in maintaining peace and law enforcement.
The 1935 Philippine Constitution mandated the organization of a national police force.
The Kempeitai (1942) were Japanese military police active during WWII in the Philippines.
Republic Act 157 (1947) established the National Bureau of Investigation, detailing its functions and leadership appointments.

Significant Republic Acts Governing Police Service

Republic Act 4864 (1966) created the Police Commission, later known as NAPOLCOM, to oversee police systems.
Republic Act 6040 (1969) professionalized police services, enabling the Police Commission to conduct examinations.
Republic Act 6506 (1972) established a Board of Examiners for criminologists in the Philippines.
Republic Act 6975 (1990) abolished the PC-INP, creating the Philippine National Police under governmental departments.
Republic Act 8551 (1998) promoted reform and professionalization within the Philippine National Police.

Principles of Police Organization

Duty Manual outlines procedures and role definitions for officers.
Order: Directives from higher-ranking officers to subordinates.
Shift: Time segments for officer assignments.
Platoon: Groups of several squads serving in defined shifts.
Community Policing: Focused on crime prevention through organized citizen efforts; citizens are encouraged to report rather than intervene.

Supervision in Police Work

Organize: Involves planning departmental work and personnel duties efficiently.
Delegate: Assigning tasks to subordinates while retaining overall responsibility.
Oversee: Ensuring that organized and delegated tasks are completed satisfactorily.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts from the Philippine Constitution, particularly Article 3, Section 1, regarding due process. Additionally, explore the legal definitions surrounding murder cases in the Philippines, including the significance of evidence. This quiz combines essential legal principles with constitutional rights.