Philippine Art and Design Quiz

Time Machine Activity

• Students need to recall the art styles from 10 years ago.
• Students need to differentiate traditional art and contemporary art using a Venn diagram.
• The diagrams must be completed on a 1 1/2 sheet of paper.

Philippine Art History

• A quick look at different art forms and styles.

Philippine Art Period Timeline

• Students need to rearrange photos based on the time periods.
• Time periods include Pre-Colonial, Post War Colonial, American Colonial, Spanish Colonial, and Contemporary.

The Objective of the Timeline Study

• Identify the development of Philippine art from its most primal form to contemporary.
• Understand the process and iconography of Philippine art as it progressed.
• Correlate Philippine contemporary art to its origins and the global context.
• Define what uniquely makes Philippine art Filipino work.

Aesthetics

• A set of principles that focuses on the nature and appreciation of beauty, particularly in art.
• A branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and artistic taste.
• Rooted in Ancient Greek, specifically the word aisthetikos, meaning "esthetic, sensitive, sentient, pertaining to sense perception."
• Derived from aisthanomai, which translates to "I perceive, feel, sense."
• A branch of philosophy that examines the nature and experience of art, which emerged in the 18th century in Europe and developed in England.

Pre-Colonial Art Period (6185 BC to 1520 AD)

• Age of Horticulture/Neolithic Period (6185 to 4,400 BC)
• Metal Age (3190 to 190 BC)
• Iron Age (200 BC to 1000 BC)
• Local communities established and art moved beyond craft (like tools) to feature decorative elements and meaning.

Notable Art Pieces/Art Works

• Shell Bracelets and Pendants (Neolithic): Shells were used for tools and ornaments. The oldest ornaments, made of conch shells, were found in a cave dating back to 4854 BC,
• Agono Petroglyphs: A group of 127 human and animal figures carved into rock, roughly dating back to 3000 BC.

Important Art Works

• Lingling-o (2000 BC – 1000 AD), Duyong Cave, Palawan: Ear pendant made from nephrite (jade), characteristic of the Early Metal Age.
• Manunggul Jar (890–710 BC): Burial jar unearthed from a Neolithic burial site in the Manunggul Cave of Tabon Caves.

Important Works

• Maitum Jar (Metal Age: 190 BC to 500 AD): Anthropomorphic, secondary burial jars discovered by a National Museum archaeological team in 1991 in Ayub Cave, Barangay Pinol, Maitum, Sarangani Province, Mindanao.

Other Pre-Colonial Art

• Pottery, weaving, tattoo, jewelry, carving, and metal crafts.

Pre-Colonial Art Forms

• Pre-colonial art often featured religious symbols, daily activities (e.g., fishing, farming) or specific decorative patterns reflective of local community.
• Often influenced by local religions (animistic) or even Islamic elements.
• Some exchange of art aesthetics and processes with traders from other Asian nations (like China), with indigenous groups.

Baybayin

• A Tagalog ancient script (also known as badlit in Visayan).
• Derived from Brahmıc scripts from India.
• First recorded in the 16th century.
• Survived during Spanish colonization.

Activity 1

• Write your first name using the Baybayin language on a half-sheet of paper.

Unchanged Art Design Still Existing

• The Okir motif is an artistic cultural heritage of the Maranaos in Lanao, Philippines.
• An artistic design employed by Maranao, specifically in Southern Philippines.
• Practiced before Islamization, beginning somewhere in the early 6th century CE.
• Rendered through hardwood, brass, silver, wall painting with curvilinear lines and Arabic geometric motifs.

Patterns of the Okir

• Okir patterns include Matilak (circle), Poyok (bud), Dapal (leaf), Pako (fern or spiral form), Todi (fern leaf with spiral at upper edge), Pako lungat (fern leaf with a cut at one edge).
• Additional elements include Naga, Obid-obid, Binotoon, Kianoko, Pakonai, and Tialitali.

Common Themes of the Okir

• Torogan: Known as a flower symbol; part of the home of a high-ranking titleholder in a Maranao village.
• Panolong: The prominent carved beam at the front of the Torogan.
• Naga or serpent, Sarimanok: A chicken-like figure that carries a fish in its beak.

Modern Interpretation of the Okir Rendered in an Artwork

• Artwork by Abdulmari Asia Imao.
• Acrylic on Canvas (24" x 24").
• Created in 2011.

Spanish Colonial Art Period (1521-1898)

• Formal painting, sculpture, and architecture influenced by Byzantine, Gothic, Baroque, and Rococo styles.
• Most artworks are religiously-based (Catholic), with Philippine décor influences.

Spanish Art Aesthetics Adopted by Filipino Artist

• Byzantine Painting Style (Maître à la Ratière, Battle of Marignano, 1515): Paintings mirroring the Battle of Marignano, with artistic influence coming from an artist by the name of Maître à la Ratière.
• Filipino Interpretation (Esteban Villanueva, Basi Revolt, 1821): Depiction of a Filipino interpretation of a Filipino historical event or revolt in 1821.
• Byzantine frescoes (11th–12th-century Church of Panayia Phorviotissa Cyprus) Paintings mirroring Byzantine architecture and Christianity.
• Baroque Aesthetics (Cathedral Church of Saint Mary in Murcia, Spain, Filipino interpretation: Miagao Church, also known as the Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Parish Church Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines): Paintings and architectural works that reflect Baroque inspiration.
• Rococo Aesthetics: Paintings and architectural characteristics that were popular in France during the 18th century.
• Gothic Aesthetics: Paintings and architecture that is rooted in religion and has distinctive arched designs and illuminated manuscripts.

Spanish Colonialism Lives On with the Filipino “Antique” Furniture and Carving Designs

• Baroque-influenced wood carvings and table-sculptures.
• Carvings and sculptures by Juan Flores.

Uprising of the Philippine Artist

• The rise of the Ilustrado (elite Filipino class) initiated a new approach to art, incorporating elements of Western academicism.
• This new approach, or classical style, borrowed elements of Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and Impressionism.

The Father of Filipino Painting: Damian Domingo

• First Filipino to paint a self-portrait.
• Founder of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, establishing the first drawing school in the Philippines.
• Known for his decorative art, watercolor illustrations, and paintings with costumes.

Juan Luna y Novicio First of Two Internationally Renowned Artist

• Filipino painter, sculptor, and political activist during the late 19th-century Philippine Revolution.
• His Spoliarium won the gold medal at the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts.

Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo

• One of the greatest Filipino painters of the 19th century.
• His work is influenced by both Neoclassicism and Romanticism.

Two Filipino Art Styles Developed During the Spanish Period

• Miniaturismo: Focuses on costume detailing.
• Letras y Figuras: Fuses letters and figures in everyday scenes.

American Colonial Art Period (1898-1946)

• Filipino artists began to identify themselves in their art.
• Incorporating elements of education, illustration, and commercial influences into their paintings.
• Favors Genre Painting, Landscapes, Still Life, Portraits.

Popular Art Styles During the Philippine Colonial American Period

• Neoclassicism in Architecture: The White House served as an inspiration for the Neoclassical architectural style.
• Neoclassicism in Philippine Architecture: Building designs reflecting Neoclassical values.
• Art Deco in Architecture: Notable examples include the Chrysler Building.
• Art Deco in Philippine Architecture: Specific examples include the Metropolitan Theater.

METAmorphosis the Rebirth of the Metropolitan Theater

• A look into the rebirth of the Metropolitan Theater.

Art Nouveau

• Architecture that emerged in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century.
• Characterized by intricate designs inspired by natural forms, such as flowing curves.
• Examples include buildings in Old England, Musée des instruments de musique (Brussels).

Art Deco

• Decorative arts and architecture with clean lines, geometric ornaments, and streamlined designs.
• Emerged in the 1920s and gained widespread popularity in the 1930s throughout the USA and Europe.

Commercial Art (Graphic Arts)

• Advertisements, posters, magazines, and other imagery used to communicate artistic messages.
• examples include illustrations and promotional materials for the Philippines.

Notable Artist: Fabian dela Rosa.

• Prominent Filipino painter after Luna.
• Considered a leading master of genre paintings in the first quarter of the 20th century.
• His nephews also became recognized artists (Pablo and Fernando Amorsolo).

Notable Artist: Fernando Amorsolo

• Known for rural landscape paintings.
• Skilled craftsman with an understanding and mastery of light.
• His styles include Impressionism, Luminism, Realism.

Guillermo Tolentino

• Became a National Artist for sculpture in 1973.
• Considered the Father of Filipino Art, owing to his famous sculptural works, including Bonifacio Monument and The Oblation.

Emergence of Philippine Pre-Modern Art: Triumvirate of Philippine Modern Art

• Victorio Edades, Carlos "Botong" Francisco, and Galo B. Ocampo: Artists introduced modern styles.

The Legend of the Thirteen Modern

• A detailed list of thirteen major modern artists, including Victorio Edades, Carlos Francisco, Galo Ocampo, Diosdado Lorenzo, and others.

Post-Colonial Art (1946-1986)

• Art after World War II grew and expanded, changing in reaction to other global influences.

Postcolonial Period (1946-1986) Contemporary Period (1986 to Present)

• Understanding the development of contemporary art is a study in progress.
• Early work was influenced by Western styles.
• Post-war Philippine art increasingly developed into its own style, using new forms, media, and artistic approaches.
• Art styles included pop art, maximalism, minimalism, abstraction, expressionism, constructivism, magic realism, and environmental art.

Modern Art Aesthetics

• Modern art focuses on unique artistic perspectives, and often breaks from traditional styles and values.

Post Modern Art Aesthetics

• Postmodern art challenged and reacted against characteristics of modern art.
• Styles like intermedia, installation art, video, conceptual art, and multimedia were prominent.

Contemporary Art Characteristics

• Contemporary art is created by artists alive in the 21st century.
• Involves global influences and changing social contexts to make unique artistic expressions.
• A wide variety of styles and subjects, challenging boundaries.
• Art that does not necessarily fit into a certain structure, form, or stylistic category.