Podcast
Questions and Answers
The average farm family income in the Philippines increased from $63.57 to $95.24 per month as a goal of the Department of Agriculture.
The average farm family income in the Philippines increased from $63.57 to $95.24 per month as a goal of the Department of Agriculture.
True
Biotechnology developments abroad have no impact on small corn farmers in the Philippines.
Biotechnology developments abroad have no impact on small corn farmers in the Philippines.
False
Corn hybrid seed adoption in the Philippines is as high as 40%.
Corn hybrid seed adoption in the Philippines is as high as 40%.
False
The Department of Agriculture has a focus on area-specific and community-based planning rather than commodity-specific planning.
The Department of Agriculture has a focus on area-specific and community-based planning rather than commodity-specific planning.
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Small corn farmers primarily grow corn for commercial export rather than subsistence.
Small corn farmers primarily grow corn for commercial export rather than subsistence.
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Cassava is primarily used for providing high fructose syrup in the Philippines.
Cassava is primarily used for providing high fructose syrup in the Philippines.
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Health fads in the Philippines promote the use of high-cholesterol coconut oil.
Health fads in the Philippines promote the use of high-cholesterol coconut oil.
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Animal hormones used to improve productivity complicate farming practices due to technical assistance requirements.
Animal hormones used to improve productivity complicate farming practices due to technical assistance requirements.
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The Philippines supplies about 80% of the coconut oil market worldwide.
The Philippines supplies about 80% of the coconut oil market worldwide.
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Crop diversification has led to an increase in the vulnerability of traditional exports such as sugar.
Crop diversification has led to an increase in the vulnerability of traditional exports such as sugar.
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Dioscoro L. Umali is recognized as the Father of Philippine Plant Breeding.
Dioscoro L. Umali is recognized as the Father of Philippine Plant Breeding.
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Pedro B. Escuro graduated from the University of the Philippines College of Agriculture in 1952 with a degree in Animal Husbandry.
Pedro B. Escuro graduated from the University of the Philippines College of Agriculture in 1952 with a degree in Animal Husbandry.
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Dolores A. Ramirez specialized in Biochemical Genetics and was known for her work in cytogenetics of various crops.
Dolores A. Ramirez specialized in Biochemical Genetics and was known for her work in cytogenetics of various crops.
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Jose R. Velasco earned a degree in Agriculture Chemistry before specializing in Plant Genetics.
Jose R. Velasco earned a degree in Agriculture Chemistry before specializing in Plant Genetics.
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Dioscoro L. Umali graduated with his Bachelor's degree in 1939.
Dioscoro L. Umali graduated with his Bachelor's degree in 1939.
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The first five people in the world to earn a doctorate in poultry science include the Father of Poultry Science in the Philippines.
The first five people in the world to earn a doctorate in poultry science include the Father of Poultry Science in the Philippines.
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Pedro B. Escuro received 18 honors and awards for his contributions to rice breeding.
Pedro B. Escuro received 18 honors and awards for his contributions to rice breeding.
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Dolores A. Ramirez focused solely on animal genetics throughout her career.
Dolores A. Ramirez focused solely on animal genetics throughout her career.
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The International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology was created as a countermeasure to the public sector involvement in biotechnology.
The International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology was created as a countermeasure to the public sector involvement in biotechnology.
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The National Institute of Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology was established in December 1979.
The National Institute of Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology was established in December 1979.
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Bio-pesticides are designed to be harmful to the environment.
Bio-pesticides are designed to be harmful to the environment.
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Philippine agriculture faces challenges due to the competition from new types of sweeteners.
Philippine agriculture faces challenges due to the competition from new types of sweeteners.
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Tissue-culture techniques in biotechnology are generally inexpensive.
Tissue-culture techniques in biotechnology are generally inexpensive.
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The biggest obstacle to biotechnology development in the Philippines is the lack of funding.
The biggest obstacle to biotechnology development in the Philippines is the lack of funding.
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Appropriate technological interventions for Philippine agriculture can be made through careful planning and evaluation.
Appropriate technological interventions for Philippine agriculture can be made through careful planning and evaluation.
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Bio-fuels, such as biogas, have been identified as having significant potential in biotechnology.
Bio-fuels, such as biogas, have been identified as having significant potential in biotechnology.
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Study Notes
Purpose of the Study
- Analyze how biotechnology research and development are impacting Philippine agriculture
- Review employment opportunities and potential benefits, explore social impact, & evaluate nutrition implications of locally developed biotechnological advancements
Plans and Programs on Philippine Agriculture: DA Goals
- Achieve equality and economic recovery
- Increase average monthly farm family income from 63.57toatleast63.57 to at least 63.57toatleast95.24
- Ensure food security
- Boost and stabilize earnings from agricultural exports
- Reduce dependence on products with less comparative advantage
Plans and Programs on Philippine Agriculture: DA Strategies
- Create a policy environment encouraging profitable farming activities
- Enhance service delivery to farmers
- Foster private sector leadership in the development process
- Implement bottom-up planning
- Emphasize area-specific and community-based approaches
- Focus on income generation, moving away from a pure production-oriented perspective
Plans and Programs on Philippine Agriculture: Programs
- Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) → uneven distribution of land
- Crop diversification → vulnerability of traditional exports like sugar, coffee, and coconut
Biotechnology Developments Abroad: A Threat to the Poor
- Increasing Privatization of Biotechnology
- Focus on meeting the needs of affluent markets
- Multinational companies dominate production of improved seeds and corresponding pesticides
- Despite subsidies, corn hybrid seed adoption remains low in the Philippines, only reaching 4%
- Challenges for Small Corn Farmers
- The needs of small corn farmers, who produce 75% of the country’s corn, are largely ignored
- Small corn farmers prioritize subsistence, favoring open-pollinated, white varieties for food which can be used for seed production
- Corn technology packages cater mainly to the feed market, not the needs of farmers who need seeds
- Without proper technology, Filipino corn farmers struggle to compete even locally, putting them at a disadvantage
- Biotechnology and Corn Breeding Programs
- Maintaining corn-breeding programs in public institutions is crucial for achieving biotechnology benefits without relying on genetic engineering
- Non-Traditional Uses of Crops
- Cassava, a root crop used for starch, is being used for high fructose syrup, a sugar substitute, impacting the Philippine sugar market
- Enzymatic conversions of plant oils for structured lipids threaten the market for Philippine coconut oil
- Coconut oil only accounts for 2% of the oils and fats market, and the Philippines supplies 80% of this portion
- Health Fads
- Low-calorie, sugar-free diets, popular in industrialized countries, negatively impact Philippine coconut oil exports due to cholesterol concerns
Biotechnology Development Abroad: Impacting Production Systems
- Adoption of animal hormones to boost productivity requires technical assistance and efficient farm management, limiting benefits to farmers near research and extension centers
Biotechnology Activities in the Philippines: Pro-Poor Focus? Biotechnology Centers
- The establishment of centers like the International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology tries to balance the increasing privatization of biotechnology
- Public institutions and international aid agencies have identified biotechnology as a key area for support
Biotechnology Activities in the Philippines: Pro-Poor Focus? BIOTECH
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology (established December 1979)
- Mandated to leverage microorganisms to transform renewable raw materials into food, fuel, and fertilizer
Locally Developed Biotechnologies
- Bio-fertilizers: Labor-intensive
- Tissue-culture: Some are expensive (e.g., $23.80 per embryo-rescued mutant coconut planting stock)
- Bio-pesticides: Environmentally friendly
- Bio-fuels: Significant potential (e.g., biogas)
Research and Strategy Planning
- Challenges in Philippine Agricultural Development
- Biotechnology progress abroad hinders the competitiveness of Philippine agriculture
- Philippine agricultural development lacks adequate support, direction, and focus.
- Sugar industry faces stiff competition from new sweeteners
- Coconut oil struggles against simulated oils and fats
- White corn faces competition with yellow corn
- Planning for Successful Technological Interventions
- Careful planning and evaluation of capabilities and resources are crucial for implementing appropriate and timely technological interventions
- Overcoming Mental Barriers
- The biggest obstacle to progress is the pervasive colonial mentality, hindering belief in the potential of Filipino scientists
National Scientists and their Contributions
- Francisco M. Fronda, considered the “Father of Poultry Science” in the Philippines, contributed significantly to the poultry and livestock industry
- Dioscoro L. Umali, known as “the Father of Philippine Plant Breeding”, made vital contributions to upland agriculture, forestry, and environmental preservation
- Pedro B. Escuro, known as the “Father of the Philippine Rice Breeding Program”, excelled in rice improvement and genetics
- Dolores A. Ramirez, known for cytogenetics and biochemical genetics research
- Jose R. Velasco, known for his research on soil and plant nutrition and coconut diseases.
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Description
Explore how biotechnology research and development are transforming Philippine agriculture. This quiz examines employment opportunities, social impacts, and nutrition implications stemming from local biotechnological advancements and the strategies for achieving economic recovery in farming.
